Review of Chloride Ion Detection Technology in Water

Wu, Dan; Hu, Yating; Liu, Ying; Zhang, Runyu

doi:10.3390/app112311137

Cited by 23 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 53 publications

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“…The effects of anions on the chemical stability of ceMoS 2 were probed in the presence of 1–20 mM NaCl, considering that Cl – is one of the most common anions in both natural water 43 and wastewater. 44 Given the correlation between the absorbance at 450 nm and the concentration of suspended MoS 2 ( Figure S2 ), the changes in the concentration of MoS 2 nanosheets were tracked with the normalized absorbance A t / A 0 , where A t and A 0 are the 450 nm absorbance of the ceMoS 2 dispersion at time t and the initial point, respectively.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of Inorganic Anions on the Chemical Stability of Molybdenum Disulfide Nanosheets in the Aqueous Environment

Lee,

Chen

2024

Environ. Sci. Technol.

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Chemical stability is closely associated with the transformations and bioavailabilities of engineered nanomaterials and is a key factor that governs broader and long-term application. With the growing utilization of molybdenum disulfide (MoS 2 ) nanosheets in water treatment and purification processes, it is crucial to evaluate the stability of MoS 2 nanosheets in aquatic environments. Nonetheless, the effects of anionic species on MoS 2 remain largely unexplored. Herein, the stability of chemically exfoliated MoS 2 nanosheets (ceMoS 2 ) was assessed in the presence of inorganic anions. The results showed that the chemical stability of ceMoS 2 was regulated by the nucleophilicities and the resultant charging effects of the anions in aquatic systems. The anions promote the dissolution of ceMoS 2 by triggering a shift in the chemical potential of the ceMoS 2 surface as a function of the anion nucleophilicity (i.e., charging effect). Fast charging with HCO 3 − and HPO 4 2− /H 2 PO 4 − was validated by a phase transition from 1T to 2H and the emergence of Mo V , and it promoted oxidative dissolution of the ceMoS 2 . Additionally, under sunlight, ceMoS 2 dissolution was accelerated by NO 3 − . These findings provide insight into the ion-induced fate of ceMoS 2 and the durability and risks of MoS 2 nanosheets in environmental applications.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of Inorganic Anions on the Chemical Stability of Molybdenum Disulfide Nanosheets in the Aqueous Environment

Lee,

Chen

2024

Environ. Sci. Technol.

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“…The same survey tools were used in all years of the study. The measurements made with the multiparametric probe are subject to error due to the specifics of the tool, so the actual values of the parameters (especially those measured with ion-selective sensors) may differ from the real values measured with other methods [16,17]. Salinity and total dissolved solids are based on electrolytic conductivity measurements; however, we chose to report these three parameters at the reader's convenience.…”

Section: Data Collectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Water Quality of the Odra (Oder) River before and during the Ecological Disaster in 2022: A Warning to Water Management

Sługocki

Czerniawski

2023

Sustainability

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Aquatic ecosystems are under pressure due to human activity. In the summer of 2022, the Odra River (Central Europe) suffered a massive death of fish and mollusks. This paper aims to show selected water quality parameters before and during the ecological disaster and find which parameters may have been crucial to the development of this disaster. We used the Kruskal–Wallis test and Spearman’s correlation to check the water parameters’ spatial and temporal diversification. In addition, non-metric multidimensional scaling was performed. The water quality parameters of the Odra system were analyzed in sections: middle Odra, lower Odra, transitional waters, and Szczecin Lagoon. Human activity has led to the formation of a system with unusual characteristics, disturbing the river’s natural continuum and related processes. The year 2022 in the middle Odra differed from the previous years in having a high water temperature (>24 °C), high ammonium concentrations (>4 mg/L), and relatively low nitrate concentrations (<6.5 mg/L). At the same time, salt pollution in the river was very high (maximum 1.4 g/L). In June and July 2022, we observed low chlorophyll a concentrations in the middle Odra (on average 2.3 µg/L and 4.4 µg/L, respectively), presumably due to salinity stress and high temperatures, suppressing freshwater phytoplankton taxa. This circumstance has created the appropriate conditions for developing euryhaline and thermophilic Prymnesium parvum. Because of decaying organisms, hypoxia occurred in the lower Odra (0.26 mg/L of dissolved oxygen in surface waters), and oxygen conditions worsened in the transitional waters (<4 mg/L). The zonal deaths of fish and mollusks result from multiple stressors induced by human activity. This disaster has proven that it is necessary to improve selected water quality parameters to reduce the risk of such disasters. The most urgent recommendations are to reduce the salt pollution of the upper section of the Odra, reduce nutrient inputs, and improve the condition of smaller rivers feeding the main course of the Odra.

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“…High chloride content is dangerous to human life; therefore, it is important to carefully monitor the chloride content in water. There is a need to develop new methodologies that are characterized by high sensitivity, high throughput and high anti-interference ability [25]. Our system offers ultra-high sensitivity for chloride anions, with a detection limit of 0.5 fM.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Voltammetric Sensing of Chloride Based on a Redox-Active Complex: A Terpyridine-Co(II)-Dipyrromethene Functionalized Anion Receptor Deposited on a Gold Electrode

Malecka-Baturo,

Daniels,

Dehaen

et al. 2024

Molecules

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A redox-active complex containing Co(II) connected to a terpyridine (TPY) and dipyrromethene functionalized anion receptor (DPM-AR) was created on a gold electrode surface. This host-guest supramolecular system based on a redox-active layer was used for voltammetric detection of chloride anions in aqueous solutions. The sensing mechanism was based on the changes in the redox activity of the complex observed upon binding of the anion to the receptor. The electron transfer coefficient (α) and electron transfer rate constant (k0) for the modified gold electrodes were calculated based on Cyclic Voltammetry (CV) experiments results. On the other hand, the sensing abilities were examined using Square Wave Voltammetry (SWV). More importantly, the anion receptor was selective to chloride, resulting in the highest change in Co(II) current intensity and allowing to distinguish chloride, sulfate and bromide. The proposed system displayed the highest sensitivity to Cl− with a limit of detection of 0.50 fM. The order of selectivity was: Cl− > SO42− > Br−, which was confirmed by the binding constants (K) and reaction coupling efficiencies (RCE).

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Review of Chloride Ion Detection Technology in Water

Cited by 23 publications

References 53 publications

Influence of Inorganic Anions on the Chemical Stability of Molybdenum Disulfide Nanosheets in the Aqueous Environment

Influence of Inorganic Anions on the Chemical Stability of Molybdenum Disulfide Nanosheets in the Aqueous Environment

Water Quality of the Odra (Oder) River before and during the Ecological Disaster in 2022: A Warning to Water Management

Voltammetric Sensing of Chloride Based on a Redox-Active Complex: A Terpyridine-Co(II)-Dipyrromethene Functionalized Anion Receptor Deposited on a Gold Electrode

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