Review of chemical, physical, and toxicologic properties of components of total petroleum hydrocarbons

Heath, Jenifer S.; Koblis, Kristin; Sager, Shawn L.

doi:10.1080/15320389309383426

Cited by 60 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…Furthermore, benzene is among the most highly regulated hydrocarbons due to its carcinogenicity (Maltoni et al, 1989). However, in many fuel mixtures that spill into aquifers (such as gasoline, diesel, gas condensate, jet fuel), the saturate fraction (alkanes, isoalkanes, and cyclic alkanes) is the most abundant (e.g., up to 80% by wt., Heath et al, 1993). Since many alkanes have appreciable water solubilites (in the tens of mg/L), some alkanes can also migrate in groundwater away from the spill source.…”

Section: Anaerobic Alkane Metabolites In Hydrocarbon-contaminated Aqumentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In field bioremediation studies, the biodegradation of BTEX compounds has been a focus because these compounds are highly water-soluble (150–1780 mg/L; Heath et al, 1993) thus can rapidly migrate away from the spill source. Furthermore, benzene is among the most highly regulated hydrocarbons due to its carcinogenicity (Maltoni et al, 1989).…”

Section: Anaerobic Alkane Metabolites In Hydrocarbon-contaminated Aqumentioning

confidence: 99%

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In situ detection of anaerobic alkane metabolites in subsurface environments

Agrawal¹,

Gieg²

2013

Front. Microbiol.

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Alkanes comprise a substantial fraction of crude oil and refined fuels. As such, they are prevalent within deep subsurface fossil fuel deposits and in shallow subsurface environments such as aquifers that are contaminated with hydrocarbons. These environments are typically anaerobic, and host diverse microbial communities that can potentially use alkanes as substrates. Anaerobic alkane biodegradation has been reported to occur under nitrate-reducing, sulfate-reducing, and methanogenic conditions. Elucidating the pathways of anaerobic alkane metabolism has been of interest in order to understand how microbes can be used to remediate contaminated sites. Alkane activation primarily occurs by addition to fumarate, yielding alkylsuccinates, unique anaerobic metabolites that can be used to indicate in situ anaerobic alkane metabolism. These metabolites have been detected in hydrocarbon-contaminated shallow aquifers, offering strong evidence for intrinsic anaerobic bioremediation. Recently, studies have also revealed that alkylsuccinates are present in oil and coal seam production waters, indicating that anaerobic microbial communities can utilize alkanes in these deeper subsurface environments. In many crude oil reservoirs, the in situ anaerobic metabolism of hydrocarbons such as alkanes may be contributing to modern-day detrimental effects such as oilfield souring, or may lead to more beneficial technologies such as enhanced energy recovery from mature oilfields. In this review, we briefly describe the key metabolic pathways for anaerobic alkane (including n-alkanes, isoalkanes, and cyclic alkanes) metabolism and highlight several field reports wherein alkylsuccinates have provided evidence for anaerobic in situ alkane metabolism in shallow and deep subsurface environments.

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Section: Anaerobic Alkane Metabolites In Hydrocarbon-contaminated Aqumentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Anaerobic Alkane Metabolites In Hydrocarbon-contaminated Aqumentioning

confidence: 99%

In situ detection of anaerobic alkane metabolites in subsurface environments

Agrawal¹,

Gieg²

2013

Front. Microbiol.

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“…Among the anthropogenic origin compounds released, cis-3-hexene is of a particular interest, emitted in gasoline vapor. 1,2 In the troposphere, cis-3-hexene reacts with hydroxyl radicals, ozone and nitrate radicals. Barbosa et al 3 have studied the kinetic for the reaction of cis-3-hexene with hydroxyl radicals using the relative rate method and the experimental mean second-order rate coefficient value was determined as (6.27 ± 0.66) × 10 -11 cm 3 molecule -1 s -1 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rate Coefficient for the Reaction of Cl Atoms with cis-3-Hexene at 296 ± 2 K

Barbosa¹,

Barrera²,

Jara‐Toro³

et al. 2017

J. Braz. Chem. Soc.

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The rate coefficient of the cis-3-hexene + Cl atoms reaction at 296 ± 2 K and 750 ± 10 Torr was determined using the relative rate technique. The reaction was investigated using an 80 L Teflon reaction bag and a gas chromatograph coupled with flame-ionization detection. Chlorine atoms were produced by the photolysis of trichloroacetyl chloride. No previous experimental data was available in the literature, to the best of our knowledge. The mean second-order rate coefficient value found was (4.13 ± 0.51) × 10 -10 cm 3 molecule -1 s -1. The experimental value agrees with the rate coefficient estimated by structure-reactivity analysis, 4.27 × 10 -10 cm 3 molecule -1 s -1. Moreover, both addition and hydrogen abstraction channels contribute to the global kinetics, with branching ratios 70:30. Effective lifetime with respect to Cl atoms is predicted as 67.2 hours; however, the cis-3-hexene + Cl channel is suggested to be non-negligible at atmospheric conditions. Other atmospheric implications are discussed.

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“…Benzene and toluene were measured weekly by headspace sampling and gas chromatography–flame ionization detection (GC-FID) over 80 days of incubation and quantified based on calibration curves prepared from known concentrations of these hydrocarbons [ 35 , 36 ]. Operating parameters for hydrocarbon [ 37 ] and methane detection [ 10 ] by GC-FID, as well as carbon dioxide and oxygen detection by gas chromatography equipped with thermal conductivity detection (GC-TCD) [ 38 ], have been described in detail elsewhere.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effect of an Adsorbent Matrix on Recovery of Microorganisms from Hydrocarbon-Contaminated Groundwater

et al. 2021

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The microbial degradation of recalcitrant hydrocarbons is an important process that can contribute to the remediation of oil and gas-contaminated environments. Due to the complex structure of subsurface terrestrial environments, it is important to identify the microbial communities that may be contributing to biodegradation processes, along with their abilities to metabolize different hydrocarbons in situ. In this study, a variety of adsorbent materials were assessed for their ability to trap both hydrocarbons and microorganisms in contaminated groundwater. Of the materials tested, a porous polymer resin (Tenax-TA) recovered the highest diversity of microbial taxa in preliminary experiments and was selected for additional (microcosm-based) testing. Oxic and anoxic experiments were prepared with groundwater collected from a contaminated aquifer to assess the ability of Tenax-TA to adsorb two environmental hydrocarbon contaminants of interest (toluene and benzene) while simultaneously providing a surface for microbial growth and hydrocarbon biodegradation. Microorganisms in oxic microcosms completely degraded both targets within 14 days of incubation, while anoxically-incubated microorganisms metabolized toluene but not benzene in less than 80 days. Community analysis of Tenax-TA-associated microorganisms revealed taxa highly enriched in sessile hydrocarbon-degrading treatments, including Saprospiraceae, Azoarcus, and Desulfoprunum, which may facilitate hydrocarbon degradation. This study showed that Tenax-TA can be used as a matrix to effectively trap both microorganisms and hydrocarbons in contaminated environmental systems for assessing and studying hydrocarbon-degrading microorganisms of interest.

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Review of chemical, physical, and toxicologic properties of components of total petroleum hydrocarbons

Cited by 60 publications

References 5 publications

In situ detection of anaerobic alkane metabolites in subsurface environments

In situ detection of anaerobic alkane metabolites in subsurface environments

Rate Coefficient for the Reaction of Cl Atoms with cis-3-Hexene at 296 ± 2 K

The Effect of an Adsorbent Matrix on Recovery of Microorganisms from Hydrocarbon-Contaminated Groundwater

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