Review of cascade refrigeration systems for vaccine storage

Abstract

Various models are already developed to achieve the refrigerating effect. Each refrigeration system has its own set of benefits and drawbacks, as well as a unique application. The vapor compression refrigeration system and the sorption refrigeration system are the two most prominent refrigeration technologies that may be utilized for a variety of purposes. In the medical profession, cascade refrigeration will be established in the storage of blood banks, plasma, vaccines, bone banks, biological fluids storage, etc. Storing heat-sensitive vaccines at the right temperature is crucial yet often difficult by the availability of ultralow temperature cold storage. This paper has reviewed that the different types of cascade refrigeration systems for a better refrigerating effect on vaccine storage.

Performance Evaluation of Vapour Compression Cascade Refrigeration System for Storing Blood Plasma

“…The low temperature cycle refrigerant is isentropically compressed in processes 1-2, which is then passed through a cascade condenser where it heats the higher temperature cycle refrigerant (processes 3-4), expands in a throttling device (processes 3-4), and then continues to the evaporator (processes 4-1) to produce the necessary refrigerating effect. The compression of the high temperature cycle is a part of processes 5 and 6 [7].…”

Two-stage cascade configurations based on ejectors for ultra-low temperature refrigeration with natural refrigerants

“…Cao and Brake [22] observed that, unlike most refrigeration applications, ejectors at low temperatures are scarce, with a few works focusing on concept design, experimental investigation, and thermodynamic analysis. After reviewing different types of cascade refrigeration systems for ULT application, Kasi and Cheralathan [23] recommended configurations including an ejector. Moreover, studies for increasing the energy efficiency of these systems can be found in literature, such as Bai et al [24] .…”

Thermodynamic and Environmental Analysis of Novel Cascade Refrigeration Cycles with Ejector and Intercooler for Ultralow Temperatures Using Eco‐Friendly Refrigerants

“…The worldwide surge in demand for blood products contributed to this growth, highlighting the crucial role of ULT refrigerators in ensuring the safe storage and transportation of lifesaving products. [2] Faruque et al performed a detailed thermodynamic analysis of a triple-stage vapor refrigeration system (TCRS) using HC refrigerants for ULT applications. The design and operating temperatures included the evaporator, low-temperature cycle (LTC) condensing, and midtemperature circuit (MTC) condensing types.…”

“…The worldwide surge in demand for blood products contributed to this growth, highlighting the crucial role of ULT refrigerators in ensuring the safe storage and transportation of lifesaving products. [ 2 ]…”