Review of Carbapenemases and AmpC-beta Lactamases

Marsik, Frederic J.; Nambiar, Sumathi

doi:10.1097/inf.0b013e31823c0e47

Cited by 27 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…Resistance to carbapenems can occur by different mechanisms such as production of carbapenemases, overexpression of efflux pumps, and decreased outer membrane permeability (Livermore et al., ; Marsik & Nambiar, ; Papp‐Wallace et al., ; Queenan & Bush, ; Rizek et al., ; Rodríguez‐Martínez et al., ; Shin et al., ; Sho et al., ; Warner et al., ). Production of carbapenemases seems to be a major contributing mechanism for carbapenem‐resistance in most of our isolates because 52 of the 76 isolates characterized were carbapenemase‐producers.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence and characterization of carbapenem‐resistant bacteria in water bodies in the Los Angeles–Southern California area

et al. 2018

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Carbapenems are β-lactam antibiotics used in healthcare settings as last resort drugs to treat infections caused by antibiotic-resistant bacteria. Carbapenem-resistant bacteria are increasingly being isolated from healthcare facilities; however, little is known about their distribution or prevalence in the environment, especially in the United States, where their distribution in water environments from the West Coast has not been studied before. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of carbapenem-resistant bacteria and carbapenemase genes in water bodies from the Los Angeles area (California, USA). All samples that were analyzed contained carbapenem-resistant bacteria with a frequency of between 0.1 and 324 carbapenem-resistant cfu per 100 mls of water. We identified 76 carbapenem-resistant or -intermediate isolates, most of which were also resistant to noncarbapenem antibiotics, as different strains of Enterobacter asburiae, Aeromonas veronii, Cupriavidus gilardii, Pseudomonas, and Stenotrophomonas species. Of them, 52 isolates were carbapenemase-producers. Furthermore, PCR and sequence analysis to identify the carbapenemase gene of these carbapenemase-producing isolates revealed that all Enterobacter asburiae isolates had a bla gene 100% identical to the reference sequence, and all Stenotrophomonas maltophlia isolates had a bla gene 83%-99% identical to the reference bla . Our findings indicate that water environments in Southern California are an important reservoir of bacteria-resistant to carbapenems and other antibiotics, including bacteria carrying intrinsic and acquired carbapenemase genes.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence and characterization of carbapenem‐resistant bacteria in water bodies in the Los Angeles–Southern California area

et al. 2018

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“…Systemization of the over 1900 beta-lactamases in gram-negative bacteria generally falls under two categories, either a functional classification, based on substrate and/or inhibitor activity, originally proposed by Bush [9], or molecularly, based on sequence homology [10]. A detailed discussion of the carbapenemases is available elsewhere [10][11][12]. Briefly, the carbapenemases belong to 3 Ambler classes: Class A (also known as functional group 2f), Class B (group 3), and Class D (group 2d) (summarized in Table 1).…”

Section: Carbapenemase Classificationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Clinical laboratory detection of carbapenem-resistant and carbapenemase-producingEnterobacteriaceae

Miller

Humphries

2016

Expert Review of Anti-infective Therapy

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This article reviews definitions for CRE and CP-CRE, and discusses current phenotypic and molecular methods available to the clinical laboratory for the detection of both CP and non-CP CRE. Expert commentary: Routine evaluation of carbapenem resistance mechanism by the routine clinical laboratory are not necessary for patient care, as clinical breakpoints best predict response. However, evaluation for carbapenemase is integral to infection control efforts, and laboratories should have the capacity to do such testing, either in house or by submitting isolates to a reference laboratory.

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“…This is propagated mainly via porin loss during therapy (especially seen with ertapenem) and the proliferation of carbapenemases, a subset of beta-lactamases that may belong to Ambler class A, class B (includes the NDM and VIM enzymes) and class D (includes OXA enzyme, found in Acinetobacter species). 70 If sensitive, aminoglycosides can be a useful adjunct. Other current alternative therapies include fluoroquinolones, tigecycline, temocillin and colistin.…”

Section: Extended Spectrum Beta-lactamases (Esbl)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Antibiotic Resistance Mechanisms in the Intensive Care Unit

Hatcher

Dhillon²,

Azadian

2012

Journal of the Intensive Care Society

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Antibiotic resistance is increasingly recognised as a major threat to global health, with few new antimicrobial agents in development. The intensive care unit provides a unique environment for the growth and spread of drug-resistant organisms. Knowledge of the pathogenesis and mechanisms of resistance of drug-resistant organisms provides a conceptual framework which underpins the clinical manifestation of infections caused by these organisms, and is crucial for the intensivist to understand. Particular importance lies in the prevention of infection and the control of drug-resistant pathogens. The major resistance mechanisms of these organisms will be highlighted, focusing on specific gram-positive (meticillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus and glycopeptide-resistant Enterococci), gram-negative ( Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Acinetobacter baumannii and multi-drug resistant Enterobacteriaceae) organisms, and then placed in historical and clinical context.

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Review of Carbapenemases and AmpC-beta Lactamases

Cited by 27 publications

References 9 publications

Prevalence and characterization of carbapenem‐resistant bacteria in water bodies in the Los Angeles–Southern California area

Prevalence and characterization of carbapenem‐resistant bacteria in water bodies in the Los Angeles–Southern California area

Clinical laboratory detection of carbapenem-resistant and carbapenemase-producingEnterobacteriaceae

Antibiotic Resistance Mechanisms in the Intensive Care Unit

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