Review of Calcium Sulfate as an Alternative Cause of Hot Corrosion

Krisak, Matthew B.; Bentley, Brook I.; Phelps, A. W.; Radsick, Timothy C.

doi:10.2514/1.b35936

Cited by 14 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…However, even after these developments, analysis of corrosion products on gas turbines were still found to be rich in sulfur [6]. In addition, other constituents such as calcium, magnesium, aluminum, or silicon (CMAS) have also been reported [6][7][8][9][10][11]. The calciumrich species may have originated from ingested sand particles which can contain either CaO (lime) or CaSO 4 (gypsum) or from seawater.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The calciumrich species may have originated from ingested sand particles which can contain either CaO (lime) or CaSO 4 (gypsum) or from seawater. Apart from the fuel, sources of sulfur are likely to be atmospheric pollutants, seawater or other ingested sulfur-containing compounds [7,8]. When operating temperatures are high, thermal barrier coatings (TBCs) are applied to turbine blades.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Effects of Chromium on the High Temperature Corrosion of Ni–Cr Alloys Exposed to Calcium Sulfate

Ury,

Ravi

2024

High Temperature Corrosion of mater.

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Calcium and sulfur rich deposits have been linked to failure of turbine components as a consequence of high temperature exposures (> 1000°C). There are only limited studies on the effects of these deposits on the degradation behavior of turbine alloys. To gain further understanding of this phenomenon, a systematic study was undertaken with model binary nickel-chromium alloys. Three alloys with different chromium contents -low, medium, and high -represented by Ni-5Cr, Ni-10Cr and Ni-18Cr, were exposed to CaSO 4 -deposit-induced corrosion in the 900-1100°C temperature range. At 1000 and 1100°C, the decomposition of CaSO 4 led to the formation of calcium chromates and chromium sul des. At the lower temperature, 900°C, there was only limited decomposition of CaSO 4 , allowing the formation of a continuous Cr 2 O 3 scale was able to form.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effects of Chromium on the High Temperature Corrosion of Ni–Cr Alloys Exposed to Calcium Sulfate

Ury,

Ravi

2024

High Temperature Corrosion of mater.

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“…These secondary phases may include a melt that may permeate TBC (Thermal Barrier Coating) lamellae and attack the underlying substrate [6,7]. Deposits may also contain sulfur compounds such as calcium or sodium sulfate that can react with the nickel super-alloy in a process known as sulfidation [8][9][10]. In this process, sulfur can infiltrate and degrade the alloy, reducing its corrosion resistance, strength and structural integrity [11].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Formation of High Temperature Minerals From an Evaporite-Rich Dust in Gas Turbine Engine Ingestion Tests

Elms

Pawley

Bojdo

et al. 2020

Volume 2B: Turbomachinery

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The ingestion of multi-mineral dusts by gas turbine engines during routine operations is a significant problem for engine manufacturers because of the damage caused to engine components and their protective thermal barrier coatings. A complete understanding of the reactions forming these deposits is limited by a lack of knowledge of compositions of ingested dusts and unknown engine conditions. Test bed engines can be dosed with dusts of known composition under controlled operating conditions, but past engine tests have used standardised test dusts that do not resemble the composition of the background dust in the operating regions. A new evaporiterich test dust was developed and used in a full engine ingestion test, designed to simulate operation in regions with evaporiterich geology, such as Doha or Dubai. Analysis of the engine deposits showed that mineral fractionation was present in the cooler, upstream sections of the engine. In the hotter, downstream sections, deposits contained new, high temperature phases formed by reaction of minerals in the test dust. The mineral assemblages in these deposits are similar to those found from previous analysis of service returns. Segregation of anhydrite from other high temperature phases in a deposit sample taken from a High Pressure Turbine blade suggests a relationship between temperature and sulfur content. This study highlights the potential for manipulating deposit chemistry to mitigate the damage caused in the downstream sections of gas turbine engines. The results of this study also suggest that the concentration of ingested dust in the inlet air may not be a significant contributing factor to deposit chemistry.

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Laboratory-Scale Replication of Deposit-Induced Degradation of High-Temperature Turbine Components

Koval'chuk

Gleeson

2020

Superalloys 2020

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Review of Calcium Sulfate as an Alternative Cause of Hot Corrosion

Cited by 14 publications

References 14 publications

The Effects of Chromium on the High Temperature Corrosion of Ni–Cr Alloys Exposed to Calcium Sulfate

The Effects of Chromium on the High Temperature Corrosion of Ni–Cr Alloys Exposed to Calcium Sulfate

The Formation of High Temperature Minerals From an Evaporite-Rich Dust in Gas Turbine Engine Ingestion Tests

Laboratory-Scale Replication of Deposit-Induced Degradation of High-Temperature Turbine Components

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