Review of bubble detector response characteristics and results from space

Lewis, Brent J.; Smith, M. B.; Ing, H.; Andrews, H. R.; Machrafi, R.; Tomi, Leena; Matthews, Tristan; Veloce, L. M.; Shurshakov, Vyacheslav; Tchernykh, I.V.; Khoshooniy, N.

doi:10.1093/rpd/ncr358

Cited by 26 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…Their results indicate that the mean ESD per radiograph estimated by direct, indirect and MC methods are 56.6 + 4.1, 50.1 + 3.1 and 54.5 m + 3.3 µGy, respectively. They have not illustrated that these doses were related to which exam, but they have indicated dose per radiograph (10). In our previous study, the mean ESD was determined for neonates under stationary and mobile units.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Radiation Dose to Newborns in Neonatal Intensive Care Units

Toossi

Malekzadeh

2012

Iran J Radiol

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BackgroundWith the increase of X-ray use for medical diagnostic purposes, knowing the given doses is necessary in patients for comparison with reference levels. The concept of reference doses or diagnostic reference levels (DRLs) has been developed as a practical aid in the optimization of patient protection in diagnostic radiology.ObjectivesTo assess the radiation doses to neonates from diagnostic radiography (chest and abdomen). This study has been carried out in the neonatal intensive care unit of a province in Iran.Patients and MethodsEntrance surface dose (ESD) was measured directly with thermoluminescent dosimeters (TLDs). The population included 195 neonates admitted for a diagnostic radiography, in eight NICUs of different hospital types.ResultsThe mean ESD for chest and abdomen examinations were 76.3 µGy and 61.5 µGy, respectively. DRLs for neonate in NICUs of the province were 88 µGy for chest and 98 µGy for abdomen examinations that were slightly higher than other studies. Risk of death due to radiation cancer incidence of abdomens examination was equal to 1.88 × 10 -6 for male and 4.43 × 10 -6 for female. For chest X-ray, it was equal to 2.54 × 10 -6 for male and 1.17 × 10 -5 for female patients.ConclusionDRLs for neonates in our province were slightly higher than values reported by other studies such as European national diagnostic reference levels and the NRPB reference dose. The main reason was related to using a high mAs and a low kVp applied in most departments and also a low focus film distance (FFD). Probably lack of collimation also affected some exams in the NICUs.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In our previous survey, mean ESD was measured for neonates in five random departments in Mashhad (9). In addition radiation dosimetry for fifty neonates, in five hospitals was carried out by Faghihi et al in Shiraz (10). The purpose of this study was to evaluate diagnostic reference levels at the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Radiation Dose to Newborns in Neonatal Intensive Care Units

Toossi

Malekzadeh

2012

Iran J Radiol

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“…A bubble detector is a small sealed tube with tiny superheated droplets of liquid dispersed throughout a polymer (Fig. ), and have been recently reviewed . When neutrons strike a droplet, secondary charged particles are emitted that vaporize the droplet, producing a bubble, which remains fixed in the polymer .…”

Section: Measurement Approachesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Bubble detectors designed for thermal neutron detection are also available, as well as sets of bubble detectors with neutron reaction thresholds that vary between 0.1 and 10 MeV, which can be used to determine neutron spectra over this energy range. The threshold bubble detectors require data unfolding to determine neutron spectra, and generally produce cruder results than Bonner sphere systems …”

Section: Measurement Approachesmentioning

confidence: 99%

AAPM TG 158: Measurement and calculation of doses outside the treated volume from external‐beam radiation therapy

et al. 2017

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The introduction of advanced techniques and technology in radiotherapy has greatly improved our ability to deliver highly conformal tumor doses while minimizing the dose to adjacent organs at risk. Despite these tremendous improvements, there remains a general concern about doses to normal tissues that are not the target of the radiation treatment; any "nontarget" radiation should be minimized as it offers no therapeutic benefit. As patients live longer after treatment, there is increased opportunity for late effects including second cancers and cardiac toxicity to manifest. Complicating the management of these issues, there are unique challenges with measuring, calculating, reducing, and reporting nontarget doses that many medical physicists may have limited experience with. Treatment planning systems become dramatically inaccurate outside the treatment field, necessitating a measurement or some other means of assessing the dose. However, measurements are challenging because outside the treatment field, the radiation energy spectrum, dose rate, and general shape of the dose distribution (particularly the percent depth dose) are very different and often require special consideration. Neutron dosimetry is also particularly challenging, and common errors in methodology can easily manifest as errors of several orders of magnitude. Task Group 158 was, therefore, formed to provide guidance for physicists in terms of assessing and managing nontarget doses. In particular, the report: (a) highlights major concerns with nontarget radiation; (b) provides a rough estimate of doses associated with different treatment approaches in clinical practice; (c) discusses the uses of dosimeters for measuring photon, electron, and neutron doses; (d) discusses the use of calculation techniques for dosimetric evaluations; (e) highlights techniques that may be considered for reducing nontarget doses; (f) discusses dose reporting; and (g) makes recommendations for both clinical and research practice.

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“…The response of the bubble detectors depends on the kinetic energy of the incident neutrons and the composition of the BD medium 27 . Therefore the BDS consists of six sets of bubble detectors calibrated for different energy ranges of neutrons.…”

Section: Calibration Of the Scintillator Detectorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Calibration of time of flight detectors using laser-driven neutron source

Mirfayzi

Kar

Ahmed

et al. 2015

Review of Scientific Instruments

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Calibration of three scintillators (EJ232Q, BC422Q and EJ410) in a time-of-flight (TOF) arrangement using a laser drive-neutron source is presented. The three plastic scintillator detectors were calibrated with gamma insensitive bubble detector spectrometers, which were absolutely calibrated over a wide range of neutron energies ranging from sub MeV to 20 MeV. A typical set of data obtained simultaneously by the detectors are shown, measuring the neutron spectrum emitted from a petawatt laser irradiated thin foil.

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Review of bubble detector response characteristics and results from space

Cited by 26 publications

References 31 publications

Radiation Dose to Newborns in Neonatal Intensive Care Units

Radiation Dose to Newborns in Neonatal Intensive Care Units

AAPM TG 158: Measurement and calculation of doses outside the treated volume from external‐beam radiation therapy

Calibration of time of flight detectors using laser-driven neutron source

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