Review of bioplastics as food packaging materials

Hong, Loh Guan; Yuhana, Nor Yuliana; Zawawi, Engku Zaharah Engku

doi:10.3934/matersci.2021012

Cited by 62 publications

(33 citation statements)

References 74 publications

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“…PLA and LA copolymers (e.g., block copolymers [ 14 ]) may be used for biomedical or pharmaceutical [ 15 , 16 , 17 , 18 ] applications. However, the main market of these polymers is packaging [ 19 , 20 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Grafted Lactic Acid Oligomers on Lignocellulosic Filler towards Biocomposites

et al. 2022

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Lactic acid oligomers (OLAs) were in situ synthesized from lactic acid (LAc) and grafted onto chokeberry pomace (CP) particleboards by direct condensation. Biocomposites of poly (lactic acid) (PLA) and modified/unmodified CP particles containing different size fractions were obtained using a mini-extruder. To confirm the results of the grafting process, the FTIR spectra of filler particles were obtained. Performing 1HNMR spectroscopy allowed us to determine the chemical structure of synthesized OLAs. The thermal degradation of modified CP and biocomposites were studied using TGA, and the thermal characteristics of biocomposites were investigated using DSC. In order to analyse the adhesion between filler particles and PLA in biocomposites, SEM images of brittle fracture surfaces were registered. The mechanical properties of biocomposites were studied using a tensile testing machine. FTIR and 1HNMR analysis confirmed the successful grafting process of OLAs. The modified filler particles exhibited a better connection with hydrophobic PLA matrix alongside improved mechanical properties than the biocomposites with unmodified filler particles. Moreover, a DSC analysis of the biocomposites with modified CP showed a reduction in glass temperature on average by 9 °C compared to neat PLA. It confirms the plasticizing effect of grafted and ungrafted OLAs. The results are promising, and can contribute to increasing the use of agri-food lignocellulosic residue in manufacturing biodegradable packaging.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Grafted Lactic Acid Oligomers on Lignocellulosic Filler towards Biocomposites

et al. 2022

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“…The use of bio-based polymers for food packaging such as polysaccharides, lipids, and proteins is a promising solution to replace petroleum-derived polymers and, at the same time, utilise abundant raw materials in nature [2,3]. Some biopolymers, such as PLA, starch, chitosan, cellulose, and protein-based, are currently used and produced as biofilms in the packaging market [4]. This biopolymer packaging, which is derived directly from agricultural waste, can be further optimised by combining various nanoparticles, additives, and nutrients, such as antimicrobials, antioxidants, colouring agents to improve the properties of films [5,6].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Properties of Biocomposite Film Based on Whey Protein Isolate Filled with Nanocrystalline Cellulose from Pineapple Crown Leaf

et al. 2021

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Among the main bio-based polymer for food packaging materials, whey protein isolate (WPI) is one of the biopolymers that have excellent film-forming properties and are environmentally friendly. This study was performed to analyse the effect of various concentrations of bio-based nanocrystalline cellulose (NCC) extracted from pineapple crown leaf (PCL) on the properties of whey protein isolate (WPI) films using the solution casting technique. Six WPI films were fabricated with different loadings of NCC from 0 to 10 % w/v. The resulting films were characterised based on their mechanical, physical, chemical, and thermal properties. The results show that NCC loadings increased the thickness of the resulting films. The transparency of the films decreased at higher NCC loadings. The moisture content and moisture absorption of the films decreased with the presence of the NCC, being lower at higher NCC loadings. The water solubility of the films decreased from 92.2% for the pure WPI to 65.5% for the one containing 10 % w/v of NCC. The tensile strength of the films peaked at 7% NCC loading with the value of 5.1 MPa. Conversely, the trend of the elongation at break data was the opposite of the tensile strength. Moreover, the addition of NCC produced a slight effect of NCC in FTIR spectra of the WPI films using principal component analysis. NCC loading enhanced the thermal stability of the WPI films, as shown by an increase in the glass transition temperature at higher NCC loadings. Moreover, the morphology of the films turned rougher and more heterogeneous with small particle aggregates in the presence of the NCC. Overall, the addition of NCC enhanced the water barrier and mechanical properties of the WPI films by incorporating the PCL-based NCC as the filler.

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“…Being materials produced from agricultural feedstocks, such sustainable concept, enlighten the approach of turning waste into a wealth of resources. However, "bio-based" does not necessarily imply "biodegradable" or "compostable" [41,42]. Bio-based products contain renewable raw materials that can be replenished through natural processes.…”

Section: Bioplasticsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fabricating Natural Biocomposites for Food Packaging

Hamid¹,

Samy²

2022

Fiber-Reinforced Plastics

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Nowadays, there are dominant scientific breakthroughs to advance the packaging industry to identify innovative and emerging fruitful results for making the food packaging systems, in particular, more efficient, resilient, and sustainable. Therefore, friendliness packaging research has been gaining momentum, thanks to global environmental awareness, and also consumer ecological consciousness, and leading companies are committing to a more holistic worldview of packaging in response to more sustainable processes to reduce pollution and any depletion of resources. High-yielding and cost-effective production and design of packaging, involving synthetic materials use reduction and development of new bio-based packaging materials, are very much part of this holistic approach. Thus, in comparison with petroleum-based materials, potential bio-based materials may have benefits for all agents comprised: the producers, customers as well as the whole environment. This chapter explores a review of relative topics across all disciplines that could accelerate understanding toward this goal. It walks through conventional materials, and then important natural and synthetic polymers from the context of food packaging. Moreover, it provides an overview of the performance of bioplastics and their limitations. State-of-the-art main trends on green biocomposites thereof, their potential to transform the food industry, are also herein considered.

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Review of bioplastics as food packaging materials

Cited by 62 publications

References 74 publications

Grafted Lactic Acid Oligomers on Lignocellulosic Filler towards Biocomposites

Grafted Lactic Acid Oligomers on Lignocellulosic Filler towards Biocomposites

Properties of Biocomposite Film Based on Whey Protein Isolate Filled with Nanocrystalline Cellulose from Pineapple Crown Leaf

Fabricating Natural Biocomposites for Food Packaging

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