Review of battery electric vehicle propulsion systems incorporating flywheel energy storage

Dhand, Aditya; Pullen, Keith

doi:10.1007/s12239-015-0051-0

Cited by 21 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…, disc ch k is the coefficient of used battery model for Bat SoC (equal to the unity in the simplified model or relations (10) if the Peukert law is considered); E 0 is the maximum energy level of KES; P KAE is the mechanical power of the secondary electric motor attached to the KES, but P loses is the defined power losses in the KES according to relation (18).…”

Section: Dynamical Model Of the Hybrid Systemmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The pure electric transmission, where the battery and KES are electrically coupled to the main traction electric machine, is considered as a standard one for BEV [10]. Such a transmission allows maximum flexibility of the components layouts but at the expense of double energy conversion and numbers of power converters.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A standard hybrid BEV [10,21] is considered and its principal scheme is shown in Figure 1. The conventional electric propulsion system consists of an electric battery (Li-Ion battery), pos.1, a DC/AC inverter, pos.2, and a traction motor/generator, pos.3, connected to the driven wheels via a final drive, pos.4.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Kinetic Energy Storage as an Energy Buffer for Electric Vehicles

Jivkov¹,

Draganov²

2017

Adv Automob Eng

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It is considered a hybrid driveline intended for electric vehicle in which Kinetic Energy Storage (KES) is used as an energy buffer for the load levelling over the main energy source -Li-Ion battery. Relations for KES local efficiency are worked out. Overall efficiencies of the parallel power branches are defined, and a control strategy for power split is proposed based on the alternative storage devices State of Charge (SoC). Quantity estimations of KES influence on the battery loading are obtained by evaluation of covered mileage, achievable with a single battery recharge over standard driving cycles, and by expected battery cycle-life prediction.

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Section: Dynamical Model Of the Hybrid Systemmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Kinetic Energy Storage as an Energy Buffer for Electric Vehicles

Jivkov¹,

Draganov²

2017

Adv Automob Eng

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“…They can be used as energy storage devices for hybridization with internal combustion engine (ICE) as prime mover [2] or they can be used along side a battery in hybrid energy storage to load level the battery [3]. Flywheels have the characteristics of high specific power, adequate specific energy, long cycle life, high energy efficiency, quick recharge, low cost and environmental friendliness.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of Dual Mode Continuously Variable Transmission for Flywheel Energy Storage Systems

Dhand

Pullen

2016

SAE Technical Paper Series

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There are different types of energy storage devices which are used in today's hybrid and electric vehicles. Batteries, ultra capacitors and high speed flywheels are the most commonly used ones. While batteries and supercapacitors store energy in the form of electric energy, the flywheel (FW) is the only device that keeps the energy stored in the original form of mechanical energy the same as the moving vehicle. The flywheel needs to be coupled to the driveshaft of the vehicle in a manner which allows it to vary its speed independently of the moving vehicle in order to vary its energy content. In other words a continuously variable transmission (CVT) is needed. The common mechanical variators used in automotive applications, namely the rolling traction drives and the belt drives, have the disadvantage that their speed ratio range defined as the maximum to minimum speed ratio is generally not sufficient for flywheel energy storage system (FESS). One of the ways to improve the ratio range is by using a dual mode transmission, where the ratio coverage of the variator is exploited twice. This paper presents the fundamental kinematics of such a transmission including its variants. The equations of speed ratio, power flow and efficiency are derived for a variator only transmission and a power split CVT (PSCVT) used in dual mode and the results compared.

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“…mechanical energy. Dhand and Pullen 5 have discussed in great detail the concept, layouts and advantages of such a hybrid energy storage (HES) comprising of battery and high speed FW for BEV. The main characteristics to define the FW as secondary storage for BEV have been discussed by Dhand and Pullen 6 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optimal energy management for a flywheel-assisted battery electric vehicle

Dhand

Pullen

2015

Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part D:

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This is the accepted version of the paper.This version of the publication may differ from the final published version. Permanent AbstractBattery electric vehicles (BEV) are crucial to the reduction of dependence on fossil fuels and for moving towards a zero emission transport system. Though BEV technology has been rapidly improving, the limited driving range and high cost are significant impediments to the popularity of electric vehicles. The battery is the main element which affects the range and cost of the vehicle. The batteries can provide either high power or high energy but not both. Hybridization of the energy source is one of the methods to improve the energy efficiency of the vehicle, which would involve combining a high energy battery with a high power source. High speed flywheels (FW) have attractive properties and low cost potential which makes them excellent secondary energy storage devices to be used in hybrid and electric vehicles. They are utilized to load level the battery so as to protect it from peak loads and enhance its capacity and life. The flywheel is coupled to the drive line with a continuous variable transmission (CVT). This paper presents the optimal energy management strategy (EMS) for a mechanically connected flywheel assisted BEV (FWBEV) powertrain. The optimization problem is complex due to factors such as the small storage capacity of flywheel, kinematic constraints and slipping of clutches. Dynamic programming is used to calculate the optimal control strategy for torque distribution during operation in real world driving cycles. The results show significant potential for reduction of energy consumption in extra-urban and highway cycles, while reducing battery peak loads during all cycles. The results give a benchmark of the energy saving potential for such a powertrain and insights into how a real sub-optimal controller can be designed.

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Review of battery electric vehicle propulsion systems incorporating flywheel energy storage

Cited by 21 publications

References 28 publications

The Kinetic Energy Storage as an Energy Buffer for Electric Vehicles

The Kinetic Energy Storage as an Energy Buffer for Electric Vehicles

Analysis of Dual Mode Continuously Variable Transmission for Flywheel Energy Storage Systems

Optimal energy management for a flywheel-assisted battery electric vehicle

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