Review of availability of source materials for geopolymer/sustainable concrete

Assi, Lateef; Carter, Kealy; Deaver, Edward; Ziehl, Paul

doi:10.1016/j.jclepro.2020.121477

Cited by 207 publications

(72 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…The inclusion of fly ash in concrete materials has been extensively researched due to the positive environmental effects and similar characteristics of Portland cement. The production of Portland cement represents 7%-10% of total carbon dioxide emissions worldwide and therefore, utilizing fly ash is becoming increasingly important to lower the rate of global warming and enhance the emissions target of the Paris agreement [152,153]. Fly ash is the residue generated from coal combustion produced for electricity and heating purposes.…”

Section: Fly Ash In Concrete Materialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, a worldwide standardization of fly ash has been difficult to implement due to the uncertainty of the chemical reaction within concrete applications. The physical and chemical material properties vary due to the type of coal, boiler machinery, and previous operating conditions used when in production [152][153][154]. The approximate production of fly ash is currently 2.8 billion metric tons per year, most coal-fired plants are equipped to meet government regulations that are put forth to reduce carbon emissions.…”

Section: Fly Ash In Concrete Materialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The approximate production of fly ash is currently 2.8 billion metric tons per year, most coal-fired plants are equipped to meet government regulations that are put forth to reduce carbon emissions. Therefore, coal will continue to be used for many years to come [152].…”

Section: Fly Ash In Concrete Materialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…There has been significant research in the area of superplasticizers to reduce the increase of water demand, but the inclusion is not often met due to the additional costs and environmental burdens it can incur for the client [156]. Although the inclusion of fly ash can reduce the carbon footprint of concrete, with up to 40% compared to traditional Portland cement, research showed the additives used within fly ash concrete applications can often include a 20% cost increase and also potentially contribute to additional environmental implications [5,16,152]. It was often assumed with previous research including recycled aggregate and fly ash that costs will reduce as well as improving environmental performance.…”

Section: Sustainability Aspects Of Using Fly Ash In Concretementioning

confidence: 99%

“…It was often assumed with previous research including recycled aggregate and fly ash that costs will reduce as well as improving environmental performance. However, due to the limitation availability of activating agents such as sodium hydroxide, only 7% replacement of Portland cement is currently being implemented [152]. With the limiting utilization of fly ash, the material is often stored at power stations and disposal sites, water is combined with the fineness of fly ash and is often stored underground.…”

Section: Sustainability Aspects Of Using Fly Ash In Concretementioning

confidence: 99%

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Current Sustainable Trends of Using Waste Materials in Concrete—A Decade Review

et al. 2020

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Concrete is the most used construction material in the world. Consequently, the mass extraction of virgin materials required for concrete production causes major environmental impacts. With a focus on promoting sustainability, numerous research studies on incorporating waste materials to replace virgin substances in concrete were undertaken. Despite this vast volume of published literature, systematic research studies on these sustainable concrete mixes that inform various stakeholders on current research trends, future research directions, and marketability options products are seldom conducted. This paper presents a decade review on sustainable concrete with a focus on virgin materials being replaced with waste materials. It aims to inform researchers of current research trends and gaps in the research area of waste material use in concrete. The review also identifies key parameters that restrict the marketability of these sustainable concrete products. The three-step research methodology involves a bibliometric assessment, a key review of selected waste materials, and an interview with a panel of experts focusing on impediments towards the transition of sustainable concrete products into the industry market. Bibliometric assessment was based on 1465 research publications in which five key materials (plastic, glass, fly ash, slag) and construction and demolition waste were selected for the review. The interview was conducted with ten industry experts to discuss the industry limitations in the commercial establishment of materials. The review of existing knowledge and the findings on sustainable concrete presented in this paper provide directions for both research academics and industry stakeholders to systematically focus on sustainable concrete products that are market-ready.

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Section: Fly Ash In Concrete Materialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Fly Ash In Concrete Materialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Fly Ash In Concrete Materialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Sustainability Aspects Of Using Fly Ash In Concretementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Sustainability Aspects Of Using Fly Ash In Concretementioning

confidence: 99%

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Current Sustainable Trends of Using Waste Materials in Concrete—A Decade Review

et al. 2020

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Effect of GGBS on Fly Ash Based Geopolymer Mortar at Ambient and Heat Curing

Sharma

Singh

Kapoor

2023

Macromolecular Symposia

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This study investigates and shows the effect of incorporation of ground granuated blast furnace slag (GGBS) content in fly ash (FA) based geopolymer mortar by assessing the strength properties of geopolymer mortar in both ambient (25 °C) and heat (60 °C) curing. The percentage of GGBS is varied from 0% to 50% with FA in geopolymer mortar. Sodium silicate (SS) and sodium hydroxide (SH) solutions are used to activate the main binders. For all the mixes the alkali/binder ratio, molarity (M), and sodium silicate (SS)/sodium hydroxide (SH) ratio are fixed to 0.45, 12 M, and 2, respectively. The fresh property in terms of slump flow and other properties like compressive strength, water absorption, and dry density of the geopolymer mortar are determined. The result of this study shows that the inclusion of GGBS content in FA‐based geopolymer mortar significantly increases the compressive in both the curing conditions. Maximum compressive strength of 44.33 MPa is obtained when 50% GGBS is added to the mixes at a curing temperature of 60 °C.

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Influence on Rheology and Microstructure of Nanosilica and Modified Polycarboxylate in Water‐Glass‐Activated Fly Ash/Ground Granulated Blast Furnace Slag Geopolymers

2023

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This study establishes the effect of nano silica (NS) in the alkali activator on the behaviour of rheology and microstructure of Alkali activated material. The rheological behaviour of the Fly ash (FA)‐Ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBS) (4 : 1) activated using water glass of Ms 1.1 (SiO2/Na2O), with nano silica (NS), Modified Poly carboxylate (MPC) was studied and the link between the composition and fundamental behaviour are reported. A total of 12 mortar mixtures were cast by varying the dose of NS from 0–3 %, and MPC 0–2.5 % and their fresh properties were obtained from the slump, setting time and flow value. The compressive strengths of mortars showed an increasing trend from 40 to 55 MPa with NS addition from 0–2.5 wt% at an optimal dose of 1 % MPC. The suspensions with and without NS fit well with Herschel‐Bulkley model, in the hysteresis cycle. The incorporation of NS at a threshold value below 2 % leads to a drastic change in viscosity with increasing time at a constant shear rate, implying. a thixotropy with yield‐type behaviour that are associated with the rebuilding of the flocculated structure with time. The nucleating effect of NS progressively improved the strength of the mix, due to the formation of compact gel microstructure which was confirmed by SEM micrograph with fewer pores. NS improves CSH gel and gelatinous silica phase in the matrix as is evident from the formation of the SiQ4 structural unit as it is absent in control. The poly (Sialate) structural unit in geopolymer ascertained from 29Si, 27Al MAS NMR chemical shift corresponds to Alq3(3Si) with the absence of remnant Al(IV) peak of Fly ash in NS (2.%) activated samples.

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Review of availability of source materials for geopolymer/sustainable concrete

Cited by 207 publications

References 25 publications

Current Sustainable Trends of Using Waste Materials in Concrete—A Decade Review

Current Sustainable Trends of Using Waste Materials in Concrete—A Decade Review

Effect of GGBS on Fly Ash Based Geopolymer Mortar at Ambient and Heat Curing

Influence on Rheology and Microstructure of Nanosilica and Modified Polycarboxylate in Water‐Glass‐Activated Fly Ash/Ground Granulated Blast Furnace Slag Geopolymers

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