Review of antimicrobial growth promoting agents available

Droumev, D.

doi:10.1007/bf02228601

Cited by 22 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…It transports K ϩ more efficiently than Na ϩ . Narasin, also a monovalent ionophore, is produced by a strain of Streptomyces aureofaciens (75) and carries K ϩ more efficiently than Na ϩ (48,52). Monensin controls or prevents swine dysentery caused by Brachyspira (formerly Serpulina) hyodysenteriae (131) and has been proven active against an Enterococcus-like pathogen in rainbow trout (51).…”

Section: Vol 16 2003 Antimicrobial Growth Promoters In Animals 181mentioning

confidence: 99%

Antimicrobial Growth Promoters Used in Animal Feed: Effects of Less Well Known Antibiotics on Gram-Positive Bacteria

2003

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There are not many data available on antibiotics used solely in animals and almost exclusively for growth promotion. These products include bambermycin, avilamycin, efrotomycin, and the ionophore antibiotics (monensin, salinomycin, narasin, and lasalocid). Information is also scarce for bacitracin used only marginally in human and veterinary medicine and for streptogramin antibiotics. The mechanisms of action of and resistance mechanisms against these antibiotics are described. Special emphasis is given to the prevalence of resistance among gram-positive bacteria isolated from animals and humans. Since no susceptibility breakpoints are available for most of the antibiotics discussed, an alternative approach to the interpretation of MICs is presented. Also, some pharmacokinetic data and information on the influence of these products on the intestinal flora are presented

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Section: Vol 16 2003 Antimicrobial Growth Promoters In Animals 181mentioning

confidence: 99%

Antimicrobial Growth Promoters Used in Animal Feed: Effects of Less Well Known Antibiotics on Gram-Positive Bacteria

2003

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“…BMD interferes with protein synthesis and cell wall production and induces cell lysis in these microorganisms (4, 5). The antibiotic is not well-absorbed by the intestine and therefore primarily acts on bacteria in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract of the animals through delivery as a feed additive (6).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Differential Effects of Bacitracin Methylene Disalicylate (BMD) on the Distal Colon and Cecal Microbiota of Young Broiler Chickens

Proctor

Phillips

2019

Front. Vet. Sci.

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Antibiotics have been used extensively for growth promotion in poultry, along with other food production animals, as well as therapeutically to treat infectious diseases. However, with concerns over selection for drug antibiotic resistant bacteria the practice of using subtherapeutic doses of antibiotics is under increased scrutiny. Consequently, we assessed the impact of the commonly used antibiotic bacitracin methylene disalicylate (BMD) on the gastrointestinal microbiota of chickens. For this we administered therapeutic doses of BMD as a feed additive and 16s rRNA gene amplicon sequencing to measure changes in taxonomic abundance on the distal colon and cecal microbiota of young broiler chickens. While BMD treatment was found to impact the abundance of selected taxa and overall beta diversity, significant changes were, in general, limited to the colon of the treated birds. Selected taxa at the phylum, class, and genus levels that were most impacted were identified. The composition of the cecum remained relatively stable in BMD-treated animals. As poultry production practices seek alternatives to growth promoting antibiotic feed additives, manipulation of the gastrointestinal microbiota holds promise. These results suggest that targeting the cecum may offer a means to promote changes to the microbiota that maximize the benefits for the hosts.

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“…At subtherapeutic levels, antibiotics are helpful in: 1) improving growth, 2) reducing risk of disease, 3) improving digestion, 4) improving weight gain, and 5) decreasing time and amount of feed needed to reach slaughter weight (Crawford and Teske, 1983;Droumev, 1983;Frost, 1991). Almost 90% of all antibiotics used in farm animals and poultry are administered at subtherapeutic concentrations [Council for Agricultural Science and Technology (CAST), 1981].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Survey on Antibiotic Usage in Dairy Herds in Pennsylvania

Sawant

Sordillo

Jayarao

2005

Journal of Dairy Science

211

180

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A survey was conducted (July 2001 to June 2002) on antibiotic usage of 113 dairy herds from 13 counties in Pennsylvania. Fifty percent of dairy farms surveyed maintained antibiotic treatment records. Only 21% of dairy producers had written plans for treating sick animals. Thirty-two percent of dairy producers sought veterinarian advice before administering antibiotics and on most farms (93%), antibiotics were administered by the owner/manager or designated herdsman. Twenty-four percent of the dairy producers said they always completed the course of antibiotic treatment. Any extra-label use of antibiotics was administered only on the guidelines of a veterinarian on majority of the farms. Comprehensive records from 33 dairy farms indicated that antibiotic usage was largest for calves with enteritis (36%) followed by pneumonia in calves (25%) and foot rot in cattle (16%). Twenty-four antibiotics including beta-lactams, spectinomycin, florfenicol, and tetracyclines were used on these farms. Beta-lactam antibiotics were used mostly for dry cow therapy, clinical mastitis, and on some farms for pneumonia and metritis. On 18% of the dairy herds surveyed, ceftiofur was used in an extra-label manner to treat mastitis in lactating cattle. On 70% of farms, calves were fed medicated milk replacers containing oxytetracycline and neomycin. The results of this study suggest that antibiotics are used extensively on dairy herds for both therapeutic and prophylactic purposes. Beta-lactams and tetracyclines were the most widely used antibiotics. There is considerable variation in the management practices associated with antibiotic use on dairy farms. It is anticipated that the findings of this survey will permit developing new strategies for prudent use of antibiotics on dairy herds.

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Review of antimicrobial growth promoting agents available

Cited by 22 publications

References 21 publications

Antimicrobial Growth Promoters Used in Animal Feed: Effects of Less Well Known Antibiotics on Gram-Positive Bacteria

Antimicrobial Growth Promoters Used in Animal Feed: Effects of Less Well Known Antibiotics on Gram-Positive Bacteria

Differential Effects of Bacitracin Methylene Disalicylate (BMD) on the Distal Colon and Cecal Microbiota of Young Broiler Chickens

A Survey on Antibiotic Usage in Dairy Herds in Pennsylvania

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