2017
DOI: 10.1016/j.urology.2016.07.030
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Review of Advances in Uroprotective Agents for Cyclophosphamide- and Ifosfamide-induced Hemorrhagic Cystitis

Abstract: Cyclophosphamide and ifosfamide are widely used drugs for malignancies and rheumatologic conditions. One of the most significant adverse reactions to these drugs is hemorrhagic cystitis. Mesna is the most widely used uroprotective agent that acts to neutralize the caustic metabolite, acrolein, responsible for induction of hemorrhagic cystitis. However, mesna is not a perfect alternative, and studies since its discovery have investigated the use of alternative drugs and adjuncts to increase mesna's efficacy. Th… Show more

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Cited by 102 publications
(53 citation statements)
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“…Vigorous hydration to increase urine output and intravenous 2-mercaptethane sulfonate (MESNA) were recommended for prophylaxis of cyclophosphamide-induced hemorrhagic cystitis (C) [38].…”
Section: How Long Should Sam Patients Receive Immunosuppressive / Immmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Vigorous hydration to increase urine output and intravenous 2-mercaptethane sulfonate (MESNA) were recommended for prophylaxis of cyclophosphamide-induced hemorrhagic cystitis (C) [38].…”
Section: How Long Should Sam Patients Receive Immunosuppressive / Immmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…The metabolism of cyclophosphamide and ifosfamide generates acrolein, a compound that is secreted through the urine and can cause urothelial damage upon storage in the bladder [3]. Concurrent treatment with Mesna, or other uroprotective agents, can minimize acrolein-induced damage to the bladder [4]. Cyclophosphamide and ifosfamide are not commonly used for the treatment of genital cancers, thus little is known about long-term side effects of these drugs in genital cancer survivors [5].…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…This condition affects up to 40% of ifosfamide-exposed patients, resulting in hematuria, dysuria, bladder spasms, and urinary frequency (9). Hemorrhagic cystitis is a challenging condition to manage, and often requires hospitalization and invasive treatments (16).…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Accordingly, strategies to attenuate ifosfamide-induced hemorrhagic cystitis, such as administration of 2-mercaptoethanesulfonic acid (MESNA), bladder irrigation, or hyperhydration often achieve suboptimal protection for patients (16). Despite use of existing therapies, a majority of patients have symptomatic and/or histologic evidence of hemorrhagic cystitis (14).…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%