Review of active interrogation techniques

Bendahán, J.

doi:10.1016/j.nima.2018.08.079

Cited by 14 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…На практике эти методы обладают невысокой эффективностью обнаружения, так как обе эти линии легко экранируются или в другом случае неотличимы от фоновых уровней [110]. Современные активные радиографические системы инспекции грузов на основе ускорителей можно разделить на три категории [111]:…”

Section: ускорители для инновационных систем инспекцииunclassified

Перспективные Технологии Для Прикладных Резонансных Ускорителей Заряженных Частиц И Примеры Их Использования (Обзор)

Kutsaev

2021

Журнал Технической Физики

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This paper presents the author’s vision on current and future trends in RF particle accelerators development for industrial applications, based on his own work experience in this area. This review covers the most interesting and promising area of applications, according to author’s point of view, where a significant progress has been or can be achieved thanks to the novel technologies. In particular, high gradient structures, new materials and fabrication techniques, cryogenic systems and novel acceleration schemes led to miniaturization, efficiency and variability of the accelerators for industrial, medical, security and scientific applications, and even quantum computers.

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Section: ускорители для инновационных систем инспекцииunclassified

Перспективные Технологии Для Прикладных Резонансных Ускорителей Заряженных Частиц И Примеры Их Использования (Обзор)

Kutsaev

2021

Журнал Технической Физики

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“…The most measurable emissions of these elements are the gamma rays associated with the radioactive decay of the parent and daughter isotopes, the neutrons released during spontaneous fission, the gamma rays resulting from the capture reaction of thermal neutrons in nearby materials, and impurities found naturally in a material or caused by a specific processing. Active interrogation through exposure to high energy X-ray and neutron beams can also be employed to trigger a more significant radioactive signature compared to spontaneous emissions [ 21 , 22 , 23 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A High-Performance Gamma Spectrometer for Unmanned Systems Based on Off-the-Shelf Components

Chierici

Malizia

Giovanni

et al. 2022

Sensors

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Since the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant accident in March 2011, the technology available for unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) for radiation monitoring has improved greatly. Remote access to radiation-contaminated areas not only eliminates unnecessary exposure of civilians or military personnel, but also allows workers to explore inaccessible places. Hazardous levels of radioactive contamination can be expected as a result of accidents in the nuclear power industry or as a result of the intentional release of radioactive materials for terrorist purposes (dirty bombs, building contamination, etc.). The possibility to detect, identify, and characterize radiation and nuclear material using mobile and remote sensing platforms is a common requirement in the radiation sensing community. The technology has applications in homeland security and law enforcement, customs and border protection, nuclear power plant safety and security, nuclear waste monitoring, environmental recovery, and the military. In this work, the authors have developed, implemented, and characterized a gamma-ray detection and spectroscopy system capable of operating on a UAV. The system was mainly developed using open-source software and affordable hardware components to reduce development and maintenance costs and provide satisfactory performance as a detection instrument. The designed platform can be used to perform mapping or localization tasks to improve the risk assessment process for first responders during the management of radiological and nuclear incidents. First, the design process of the system is described; the result of the characterization of the platform is then presented together with the use of the prototype installed on a UAV in an exercise simulating a radiological and nuclear contamination scenario.

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“…The discussion in this review is focused on the passive detection of radiation emitted by concealed radioactive sources. However, other techniques exist involving the active screening of freight with particle beams (e.g., X-rays, protons) or alternatively, cosmic muons [20]. Cosmic muon tomography is particularly useful for detecting SNMs as muons are scattered at larger angles by high atomic number (Z) and density materials; by measuring the scattering angle, the presence of SNMs and other high Z materials can be identified [21].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Proton and X-ray active interrogation systems operate on a similar principle to cosmic muon tomography but with the additional requirement of beam-generating infrastructure [23]. Xray radiography can additionally be used to screen cargo for contraband beyond radioactive materials, such as explosives, and can even be used to detect SNMs by induced fission, making it a promising candidate for widespread implementation [20]. In any case, these active or muon tomography screening systems are likely to be employed in conjunction with a passive detection system for identifying low Z radioactive materials and radioactive emission signatures, which are required for isotopic identification.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Current and Prospective Radiation Detection Systems, Screening Infrastructure and Interpretive Algorithms for the Non-Intrusive Screening of Shipping Container Cargo: A Review

Connolly

Martin

2021

JNE

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The non-intrusive screening of shipping containers at national borders serves as a prominent and vital component in deterring and detecting the illicit transportation of radioactive and/or nuclear materials which could be used for malicious and highly damaging purposes. Screening systems for this purpose must be designed to efficiently detect and identify material that could be used to fabricate radiological dispersal or improvised nuclear explosive devices, while having minimal impact on the flow of cargo and also being affordable for widespread implementation. As part of current screening systems, shipping containers, offloaded from increasingly large cargo ships, are driven through radiation portal monitors comprising plastic scintillators for gamma detection and separate, typically 3He-based, neutron detectors. Such polyvinyl-toluene plastic-based scintillators enable screening systems to meet detection sensitivity standards owing to their economical manufacturing in large sizes, producing high-geometric-efficiency detectors. However, their poor energy resolution fundamentally limits the screening system to making binary “source” or “no source” decisions. To surpass the current capabilities, future generations of shipping container screening systems should be capable of rapid radionuclide identification, activity estimation and source localisation, without inhibiting container transportation. This review considers the physical properties of screening systems (including detector materials, sizes and positions) as well as the data collection and processing algorithms they employ to identify illicit radioactive or nuclear materials. The future aim is to surpass the current capabilities by developing advanced screening systems capable of characterising radioactive or nuclear materials that may be concealed within shipping containers.

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Review of active interrogation techniques

Cited by 14 publications

References 17 publications

Перспективные Технологии Для Прикладных Резонансных Ускорителей Заряженных Частиц И Примеры Их Использования (Обзор)

Перспективные Технологии Для Прикладных Резонансных Ускорителей Заряженных Частиц И Примеры Их Использования (Обзор)

A High-Performance Gamma Spectrometer for Unmanned Systems Based on Off-the-Shelf Components

Current and Prospective Radiation Detection Systems, Screening Infrastructure and Interpretive Algorithms for the Non-Intrusive Screening of Shipping Container Cargo: A Review

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