Review of Acetic Acid Synthesis from Various Feedstocks Through Different Catalytic Processes

Abstract

Acetic acid (AA) has been largely used with a wide range of applications such as a raw material for a synthesis of vinyl acetate monomer, cellulose acetate or acetate anhydrate, acetate ester and a solvent for a synthesis of terephthalic acid and so on. The present paper briefly summarizes the commercialized chemical processes with their Rh or Ir-based catalytic systems in a liquid-phase carbonylation reaction such as Monsanto, Cativa and Acetica processes. In addition, some alternative catalytic systems such as heterogeneous catalysts to produce AA by direct oxidation or indirect carbonylation of dimethyl ether through BP-SaaBre process in a gas-phase reaction to solve some problems such as a difficult separation of homogeneous catalysts in a corrosive reaction medium. Some home-made heterogeneous catalysts such as a rhodium incorporated graphitic carbon nitride (Rh-g-C 3 N 4 ) and some heterogenized homogeneous catalysts using the supports of tungsten carbide, iron oxide or graphitic carbon nitride containing rhodium complexes were also introduced for the synthesis of AA through a liquid-phase methanol carbonylation reaction to effectively solve the leaching problem of active rhodium metal as well as to mitigate the separation problem of homogeneous catalysts.

Selective Utilization of the Methoxy Group in Lignin to Produce Acetic Acid

“…It was demonstrated that 87.5 %a nd 80.4 %o fthem ethoxy groups in the kraft lignin and organosolv lignin could be transformed into acetic acid, respectively.T he reaction could be carried out at 120 8 8C, which is lower than the temperature required for the carbonylation of methanol to acetic acid (about 150-200 8 8C). [11] Kraft lignin, which is aby-product of paper industry,w as first studied. Thel ignin contained 11.0 wt %o fm ethoxy groups as determined by the iodine stoichiometry titration method, [12] and the apparatus and procedures are discussed in Supporting Information ( Figure S2 and Figure S3).…”

Homogeneously Catalyzed Synthesis of (Higher) Alcohols (C1–C4) from the Combination of CO2/CO/H2

“…Finally, the acyl‐species undergoes hydrogenation to ethanal which is reduced to ethanol. As the first three steps of the homologation reaction are identical with the carbonylation of methanol to acetic acid , the empirical knowledge of this process can be used to proceed the synthesis towards propanol(s) and butanol(s).…”

Synthesis of monocarboxylic acids via direct CO2 conversion over Ni–Zn alloy catalysts

“…The second approach is the reverse water-gas shift (RWGS) reaction of CO 2 or dry reforming of CH 4 to produce syngas, followed by the conversion of syngas to AA (Eqs. (2a-c)): [39][40][41] In the temperature range of 300-340 °C, the formation of AA and PA could be thermodynamically more feasible than the formation of methanol ( Supplementary Fig. 2).…”