Review—Nano-Silicon/Carbon Composite Anode Materials Towards Practical Application for Next Generation Li-Ion Batteries

Silicon electrodes are of interest to the lithium ion battery industry due to high gravimetric capacity (∼3580 mAh/g), natural abundance, and low toxicity. However, the process of alloying and dealloying during cell cycling, causes the silicon particles to undergo a dramatic volume change of approximately 280% which leads to electrolyte consumption, pulverization of the electrode, and poor cycling. In this study, the formation of an ex-situ artificial SEI on the silicon nanoparticles with citric acid has been investigated. Citric acid (CA) which was previously used as a binder for silicon electrodes was used to modify the surface of the nanoparticles to generate an artificial SEI, which could inhibit electrolyte decomposition on the surface of the silicon nanoparticles. The results suggest improved capacity retention of ∼60% after 50 cycles for the surface modified silicon electrodes compared to 45% with the surface unmodified electrode. Similar improvements in capacity retention are observed upon citric acid surface modification for silicon graphite composite/ LiCoO 2 cells. Lithium ion batteries have been widely used in the portable electronic device market for over two decades due to high energy density, good rate capability, and long cycle life. [1][2][3] Graphite is the most frequently used commercial anode material. Although graphite has good performance, low cost and high capacity retention, the relatively modest storage capacity (∼370 mAh/g) has driven investigations of alternative anode materials.4 Different anode materials with greater storage capacity have been investigated including lithium metal, tin, silicon and other metal alloys. While lithium metal anodes are very appealing, dendrite formation after long term cycling results in significant safety concerns.5-7 Therefore, the use of lithium alloying compounds has been intensively investigated over the last decade. Silicon is the most attractive alloying anode material due to its high theoretical capacity. Lithiation of silicon results in the formation of alloys such as Li 15 Si 4 with a theoretical capacity of 3580 mAh/g. 8,9 In addition, silicon has a high volumetric capacity of 9786 mAh/ cm 3 . 10Silicon is abundant and has low toxicity which makes it a good candidate for an anode material for commercial batteries. Silicon also exhibits a discharge voltage of ∼0.4 V vs Li/Li + which allows it to maintain an open circuit potential which avoids lithium plating. 9,[11][12][13] While theoretically interesting, there are numerous factors that make silicon electrode use difficult. Some of the important factors include the volume variation during the lithiation and delithiation process of 280% which leads to pulverization of the electrode, instability of the SEI due to the volume variation, and damage to the electrode laminate.14,15 Numerous strategies have been undertaken to solve these stress induced problems that affect the electrochemical properties of the electrode including the use of nanoparticles, which limit the stress induced damage from larg...

show abstract

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Lithiation of silicon results in the formation of alloys such as Li 15 Si 4 with a theoretical capacity of 3580 mAh/g. 8,9 In addition, silicon has a high volumetric capacity of 9786 mAh/ cm 3 . 10 Silicon is abundant and has low toxicity which makes it a good candidate for an anode material for commercial batteries.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Citric Acid Based Pre-SEI for Improvement of Silicon Electrodes in Lithium Ion Batteries

Chandrasiri

Nguyen

Parimalam

et al. 2018

J. Electrochem. Soc.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Generally, silicon film is employed as electrode material directly without using binders or conductive additives, which eliminates the influence of the non-active material on the performances of silicon anode. [104] There are two popular techniques to prepared Si thin films, CVD and physical vapor deposition (PVD). CVD method depends on the chemical reactions of Si-contained gaseous precursor at the surface of the substrates to forming the pure Si.…”

Section: Silicon Thin Filmmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[104] PVD is a vacuum deposition method, which deposits the Si element from the condensed phase to a vapor phase and eventually back to a thin film condensed phase. The most common PVD processes are sputtering and evaporation.…”

Section: Silicon Thin Filmmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rationally Designed Silicon Nanostructures as Anode Material for Lithium‐Ion Batteries

et al. 2017

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Silicon (Si) is promising for high capacity anodes in lithium-ion batteries due to its high theoretical capacity, low working potential, and natural abundance. However, there are two main drawbacks that impede its further practical applications. One is the huge volume expansion generating during lithiation and delithiation progresses, which leads to severe structural pulverization and subsequently rapid capacity fading of the electrode. The other is the relatively low intrinsic electronic conductivity, therefore, seriously impacting the rate performance. In the past decades, numerous efforts have been devoted for improving the cycling stability and rate capability by rational designs of different nanostructures of Si materials and incorporations with some conductive agents. In this review, the authors summarize the exciting recent research works and focus on not only the synthesis techniques, but also the composition strategies of silicon nanostructures. The advantages and disadvantages of the nanostructures as well as the perspective of this research field are also discussed. We aim to give some reference for engineering application on Si anodes in lithium ion batteries.

show abstract

“…At present, graphite is the major anode material for lithium ion power battery. Silicon is the most promising alternative material as anode material in lithium-ion batteries to replace graphite for its higher gravimetric capacity, low average voltage and rational production cost [5] [6].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Study on the heat generation characteristics of lithium ion power battery with NCM/Si-C composite anode material

Liu¹,

Liu²,

Wang³

et al. 2018

Proceedings of the 4th Annual International Conference on Material Engineering and Application (ICMEA 2017)

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Abstract-Thermal characteristics of lithium ion batteries are particularly important for both the optimization of the battery cells and design of the thermal management system for battery packs. The Si-C composite applied in lithium ion battery could improve the battery's energy density. For a 3 Ah pouch lithium ion battery with NCM/Si-C composite material system, the thermal characteristics were analyzed during the charging and discharging processes using the Extended Volume-Accelerating Rate Calorimeter. Meanwhile a 3 Ah pouch lithium ion battery with NCM/graphite composite material system was used as the reference sample. The internal resistance has great influence on the thermal behavior of Li-ion batteries. Thus, internal resistances of the battery cell were measured using the electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) method. Experimental results showed that the battery cell with NCM/Si-C generated much more amount of heat during charging and discharging processes. Temperature rise and heat generation power of the batteries increased as the current rate rising during charging and discharging processes. In addition, the overall internal resistance obtained by EIS had a close relationship with the heat generation behavior.

show abstract

Review—Nano-Silicon/Carbon Composite Anode Materials Towards Practical Application for Next Generation Li-Ion Batteries

Cited by 308 publications

References 209 publications

Citric Acid Based Pre-SEI for Improvement of Silicon Electrodes in Lithium Ion Batteries

Citric Acid Based Pre-SEI for Improvement of Silicon Electrodes in Lithium Ion Batteries

Rationally Designed Silicon Nanostructures as Anode Material for Lithium‐Ion Batteries

Study on the heat generation characteristics of lithium ion power battery with NCM/Si-C composite anode material

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About