Review—Micro-Fuel Cell Principal Biosensors for Monitoring Transdermal Volatile Organic Compounds in Humans

Abstract

Knowledge of transduction mechanisms in biosensing applications paves the way for ultrasensitive and dynamic detection in living systems. Real-world biosensing applications where ultrasensitivity and dynamic detection are paramount include monitoring the anesthetic agent concentration during surgery; the slightest variation in concentration can potentially result in a life-threatening overdose or, on the other end of the spectrum, the patient's awareness during the procedure. We review the benefits and functions of the transcutaneous biosensor device compared with other current technology and discuss the sensor's capability to accurately measure volatile anesthetic gas concentration in blood using fuel cell technology. We review fundamental concepts of fuel-cell technology for bio-sensing applications. The fuel cell sensor can also continuously monitor other volatile organic compounds making it versatile with numerous potential applications.

Polypyrrole-Ag/AgCl Nanocomposite-Enabled Exhaled Breath-Acetone Monitoring Non-Invasive Biosensor for Diabetes Diagnostics

“…1 The state-of-the-art diabetes and fatal disease diagnostics is dedicated to designing non-invasive biosensors through human breath analysis and non-invasive quantification. [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12] Acetone is one of the most prominent biomarkers found in the human breath of high-risk diabetic patients. [1][2][3][4][5][6][7] The hydrolysis of acetoacetate resulting from breaking fatty acids generates acetone, which is expelled from the body as waste/breath.…”

Sensitivity and Stability Analysis of Double-Gate Graphene Nanoribbon Vertical Tunnel FET for Different Gas Sensing

“…In current years, Metal Oxide Semiconductor Field Effect Transistors (MOSFETs) based gas sensors have been extensively employed to detect the various gases effect, due to the small size, low power consumption, and high sensitivity of MOSFET, which is crucial for the environmental changes, medical industries, automobile industries, and defense monitoring. [1][2][3][4][5][6] Gas sensors based on FET are highly attractive, due to providing the scope to develop a system on chip (Soc) integration, size modulation, affinity with the preceding fabrication process flow, and ease of use. [7][8][9] In 1986 the first hydrogen gas sensor was based on the FET by employing Palladium (Pd) as the gate metal on the regular MOSFET.…”

Ni(OH)2-MoS2 Nanocomposite Modified Glassy Carbon Electrode for the Detection of Dopamine and α-Lipoic Acid

“…[62][63][64] Electrochemical sensors can effectively detect metal ions, biomolecules, microorganisms, gaseous components, drugs, food contaminants, etc. [65][66][67][68] In the present work, MoS 2 nanosheets were synthesized by ultrasonication and Ni(OH) 2 nanosheets were synthesized by NaBH 4 mediated chemical reduction method. The synthesized MoS 2 and Ni(OH) 2 nanosheets were mixed together under varying compositions and the nanocomposite was prepared by sonicating the nanosheets in N,N-dimethyl formamide (DMF).…”