Review: Loop heat pipes with flat evaporators

Maydanik, Yury F.; Chernysheva, M.A.; Pastukhov, Vladimir G.

doi:10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2014.03.041

Cited by 166 publications

(41 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…Their high pumping capability and superior heat transport performance have been traditionally utilized to address the thermal-management problems of spacecraft, and were successfully applied in many space tasks [3][4][5][6][7]. More recently, its application has been extended to terrestrial surroundings such as in electronics cooling [8][9][10] and thermal-management systems for aircraft and submarines [11][12][13][14]. Their long distance heat transport capability and flexibility in design could offer many advantages compared with traditional heat pipes and other heat transfer devices.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Steady-state modeling and analysis of a loop heat pipe under gravity-assisted operation

Bai

Guo

Lin

et al. 2015

Applied Thermal Engineering

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Abstract:In this paper, a steady-state mathematical model of a loop heat pipe (LHP) in gravity-assisted operation has been established based on two driving modes: gravity driven mode and capillarity-gravity co-driven mode. The modeling results show good agreement with experimental data, and the operating characteristics of the LHP under gravity-assisted attitude has been theoretically investigated. When the heat load applied to the evaporator is smaller than the transition heat load, the LHP is operating in the gravity driven mode, the working fluid in the vapor line is in the two-phase state due to the existence of additional liquid mass flow, and the operating temperature is obviously lower than that under horizontal or adverse elevation attitudes caused by reduced heat leak from the evaporator to the compensation chamber and enhanced cooling of the return liquid to the compensation chamber. In addition, the effect of positive elevation on the steady-state operating temperature and thermal conductance of the LHP is analyzed. This study contributes to the comprehensive understanding of the operating principle and characteristics and can guide the design of LHPs in terrestrial surroundings.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Steady-state modeling and analysis of a loop heat pipe under gravity-assisted operation

Bai

Guo

Lin

et al. 2015

Applied Thermal Engineering

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“…(4)(5)(6) show the temperature variations of a few characteristic points along the loop during the startup of the LHP when 0, 4×10 -5 and 8×10 -5 mol NCG were charged into the system, respectively. In Figs. (4-6), the startup heat load was 5W, the heat sink temperature was -15 , and the other operating conditions were kept all the same except the NCG inventory.…”

Section: Effect Of Ncg Inventorymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Compared with conventional heat pipes, it possesses a variety of advantages such as high heat transfer capacity, long distance heat transport, and flexible thermal link, as well as strong anti-gravity capability. It has been traditionally adopted to tackle the thermal management problems of spacecraft, and successfully applied in many space missions [3][4][5][6][7]. However, a few unfavorable phenomena including abnormal operating temperature rise, difficult startup and operation failure were observed in several LHPs during on-orbit or ground operations [8][9][10][11][12].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of non-condensable gas on the startup of a loop heat pipe

Jiang

Miao

Bai

et al. 2017

Applied Thermal Engineering

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It is essential to tackle the startup issues prior to the broad application of loop heat pipes (LHPs) in both space and terrestrial surroundings. As non-condensable gas (NCG) is an important factor affecting the startup behavior, its effects on the startup performance of an ammonia-stainless steel LHP with and without preconditioning were experimentally investigated in this work. The temperature overshoot, liquid superheat and startup time were employed as the evaluation criteria. Nitrogen was selected to simulate the NCG, which was injected into the LHP at controllable amounts. Experimental results showed that with NCG presence in the LHP, the startup could only proceed in situation 1 with preconditioning, while it could proceed in situations 1, 3 or 4 without preconditioning. For the startup in situation 1, a larger NCG inventory led to much degraded startup performance, and a higher startup heat load could benefit the startup. For the startup in situation 3, i.e. the most difficult startup situation, NCG resulted in a very high temperature overshoot during the startup, which may even exceed the maximum allowable temperature to cause a startup failure. For the startup in situation 4, the existence of NCG in the vapor grooves could facilitate the evaporation of liquid there followed by a resultant very desirable startup.

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“…Of particular interest are LHPs with flat evaporators, which can be well joined with heat sources that have a flat contact surface measuring up to 50 × 50 mm and possess a lower thermal resistance [2]. The most widespread among such devices at present are copper LHPs with water as a working fluid, which make it possible to achieve extremely high thermal characteristics [3]- [5].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development and Investigation of a Miniature Copper-Acetone Loop Heat Pipe with a Flat Evaporator

Maydanik¹,

Pastukhov²,

Chernysheva³

2015

JECTC

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The paper presents the results of development and investigation of a copper miniature loop heat pipe (LHP) with acetone as a working fluid. The device was equipped with a flat evaporator measuring 80 × 42 × 7 mm and vapor and liquid lines with an outside diameter of 3 mm, whose lengths were 145 mm and 175 mm, respectively. The LHP was tested at heat loads from 5 W to 60 W, different orientations in the gravity field and heat-sink temperatures from −40˚C to +50˚C. It is shown that the LHP retains its efficiency at all testing conditions. It is also mentioned that at a heat-sink temperature of +50˚C the device operates in the mode of constant conductivity in the whole range of heat loads, and in this case a minimum thermal resistance of the "heat source-heat sink" system equal to 0.16˚C/W is achieved, which is independent of the LHP orientation in the gravity field.

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Review: Loop heat pipes with flat evaporators

Cited by 166 publications

References 35 publications

Steady-state modeling and analysis of a loop heat pipe under gravity-assisted operation

Steady-state modeling and analysis of a loop heat pipe under gravity-assisted operation

Effect of non-condensable gas on the startup of a loop heat pipe

Development and Investigation of a Miniature Copper-Acetone Loop Heat Pipe with a Flat Evaporator

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