Review: Is rapid fat accumulation in early life associated with adverse later health outcomes?

Ratnasingham, Abirami; Eiby, Yvonne A.; Nitert, Marloes Dekker; Donovan, T.; Lingwood, Barbara E.

doi:10.1016/j.placenta.2017.01.101

Cited by 17 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 77 publications

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“…An epidemic of childhood obesity and the associated non-communicable diseases (NCD), such as diabetes and cardiovascular disease are of increasing international concern [ 1 ]. Increasingly, data suggests the lifelong risk of NCD could be modified through early programming effects on obesity and adiposity [ 2 , 3 ]. It is evident that breastfed infants are at 15–20% reduced risk of obesity and obesity related disease later in life [ 4 , 5 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Human Milk Casein and Whey Protein and Infant Body Composition over the First 12 Months of Lactation

et al. 2018

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Human milk (HM) influences infant feeding patterns and body composition (BC). This small proof-of concept longitudinal study investigated relationships between infant/maternal BC and HM casein, whey and total protein during the first 12 months of lactation. BC of breastfeeding dyads (n = 20) was measured at 2 (n = 15), 5 (n = 20), 9 (n = 19), and/or 12 (n = 18) months postpartum with ultrasound skinfolds (infants) and bioimpedance spectroscopy (infants/mothers). Proteins concentrations and 24-h milk intake were measured and calculated daily intakes (CDI) determined. Higher maternal weight, body mass index, fat-free mass, fat-free mass index, and fat mass index were associated with higher concentration of whey protein (p ≤ 0.034, n = 20). There were no associations between infant BC and concentrations of all proteins, and CDI of whey and total protein. Higher CDI of casein were associated with lower infant fat-free mass (p = 0.003, n = 18) and higher fat mass (p < 0.001), fat mass index (p = 0.001, n = 18), and % fat mass (p < 0.001, n = 18) measured with ultrasound skinfolds. These results show a differential effect of HM casein on development of infant BC during the first year of life, suggesting that there is a potential to improve outcome for the infant through interventions, such as continuation of breastfeeding during the first 12 months of life and beyond, which may facilitate favourable developmental programming that could reduce risk of non-communicable diseases later in life.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Human Milk Casein and Whey Protein and Infant Body Composition over the First 12 Months of Lactation

et al. 2018

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“…In addition, studies have shown that preterm infants often have preserved head growth in preference to body weight during postnatal life, accounting for apparent "growth failure" 21 . More importantly, the authors argued that attempting to reflect in-utero weight gain by accelerated postnatal growth may not be desirable due to long-term metabolic adverse effects 18,22,23 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modelling predictive gender- and gestation-specific weight reference centiles for preterm infants using a population-based cohort study

Watkins

Farewell

Banerjee

et al. 2020

Sci Rep

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We aimed to model longitudinal data to create predictive growth charts for weight in preterm infants from birth till discharge, that took into account the differing growth rates post-birth when compared to in-utero growth and therefore was more representative of the data than the UK1990 reference charts. Data from birth until discharge (or death), was collected and rigorously cleaned for all infants born at <32 weeks of gestation over a 4-year period. Means and standard deviations from the UK1990 reference charts were used to compute standard deviation scores (SDS) for our cohort. 2/3rd of the data was randomly selected and used to create gestation and gender-specific predictive weight centile lines through novel application of mixed modelling methods. The remaining 1/3rd of the data was used to test model fit by comparing expected vs actual weights for the new model with those predicted by the UK1990 model. Data from 1,510 preterm infants was analysed. 1067 of these were used to produce the predictive model. Weekly SDS were significantly lower than predicted throughout hospital stay for all gestation groups when compared with UK1990 data. The test data (n = 539) fitted the new centile lines substantially better than those modelled by the UK1990 centile lines. Mixed modelling of longitudinal data produced new predictive references for weight centiles of preterm infants. A large populationbased prospective study is needed to produce representative longitudinal reference growth charts using these methods. include in the model predictions for individualised charts. All of these limitations can be corrected by designing a prospective national study to collect representative data.In conclusion, we have published the first gestation-and gender-specific predictive longitudinal weight gain charts in extreme preterm infants. This model can be used to produce similar reference charts for other anthropological measurements from preterm infants, by collecting prospective data in a national study.

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“…Behaviourchanging interventions to treat children with overweight and obesity can reduce body mass index (BMI) but effects tend to be small (5) and effective prevention programmes have generally proved elusive (6). There is growing evidence for the importance of pregnancy and maternal factors, including maternal weight, general health and the environment, for programming weight gain in offspring across the life-course (7,8). Pre and postnatal growth, and their interaction, are important for establishing risk factors for obesity (7).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Obesity prevention in the early years: a mapping study of national policies in England from a behavioural science perspective

Croker

Russell

Gireesh

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Background Evidence indicates that early life is a critical time for determining future risk of obesity. A sharper policy focus on pregnancy and early childhood would be useful to improve obesity prevention efforts. This study aimed to systematically identify and categorise the policy levers being used in England that have potential to influence early lifecourse (pregnancy and 0-5 years) and identify how these policies interface with energy balance behaviours. The objective is to identify gaps and where further policy actions could most effectively focus. Methods A behavioural science approach was taken using the Capability-Opportunity-Motivation-Behaviour (COM-B) model and Behaviour Change Wheel (BCW) framework. The key determinants of energy balance in the early years were identified from the Foresight Systems Map. Policy actions were scoped systematically from available literature, including any health or non-health policies which could impact on energy balance behaviours. The Foresight variables and policy actions were considered in terms of COM-B and the BCW to determine approaches that would be likely to be effective for obesity prevention and treatment. Existing policies were then overlaid across the map of key risk factors to identify gaps in obesity prevention and treatment provision. Results A wide range of policy actions were identified (n=115) to address obesity-relevant risk factors. The most common policy actions were educational and guidelines relating to environmental restructuring (i.e. changing the physical or social context). Scope for strengthening policies relating to the food system (e.g. the market price of food) and psychological factors contributing to obesity were identified. Policies acted via all aspects of the COM-B model, but there was scope forimproving policies to increase capability through skills acquisition and both reflective and automatic motivation. Conclusions There is substantial policy activity to address early years obesity but much is focused on education. Scope exists to strengthen actions relating to upstream policies which act on food systems and those targeting psychological factors contributing to obesity risk.

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Review: Is rapid fat accumulation in early life associated with adverse later health outcomes?

Cited by 17 publications

References 77 publications

Human Milk Casein and Whey Protein and Infant Body Composition over the First 12 Months of Lactation

Human Milk Casein and Whey Protein and Infant Body Composition over the First 12 Months of Lactation

Modelling predictive gender- and gestation-specific weight reference centiles for preterm infants using a population-based cohort study

Obesity prevention in the early years: a mapping study of national policies in England from a behavioural science perspective

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