Review: Insects and former foodstuffs for upgrading food waste biomasses/streams to feed ingredients for farm animals

Pinotti, L.; Giromini, Carlotta; Ottoboni, M.; Tretola, M.; Marchis, Daniela

doi:10.1017/s1751731118003622

Cited by 91 publications

(72 citation statements)

References 42 publications

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“…Shaping insect nutrient profile -The low level of some nutrients in insects could represent a limit in animal nutrition; however, it has been shown that the nutrient composition of insects is highly dependent on the rearing substrates Danieli et al 2019). For example, using substrates naturally containing polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) or rich in minerals allow to obtain enriched insect-derived materials that are more suitable for feed purposes (Liland et al 2017;Cullere et al 2019;Koutsos et al 2019;Pinotti et al 2019). Thus, the insect nutrient profile can be modulated by appropriate dietary strategies, according to specific animal dietary requirements.…”

Section: Strengthsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The same comment can be applied to minerals as some species have low levels of calcium or phosphorus. However, adequate nutritional intervention in insects can improve this feature (Liland et al 2017;Pinotti et al 2019).…”

Section: Weaknessesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Insects for organic waste valorisation -Some insect species can efficiently convert low value organic substrate (wastes from industry or agriculture) into high value products exalting the concept of Circular Economy and Zero Waste (Verbeke et al 2015;Bosch et al 2019;Pinotti et al 2019). In addition, they seem to have a low environmental impact in terms of land use and water consumption (Dobermann et al 2017; van Huis and Oonincx 2017), even though available environmental studies and Life Cycle Assessments (LCAs) are still limited (Mertenat et al 2019).…”

Section: Opportunitiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Legal framework -Under the current EU legislation framework, the short list of allowed substrates for mass rearing is a bottleneck for the development of the insect industry. In the EU, in the light of the 'precautionary' principle applied to the food safety policy, substrates such as catering or animal wastes are forbidden, even though in other parts of the world the scenario is quite different and sometimes with less restrictions in the use of wastes and other poor substrates (Pinotti et al 2019;Sogari et al 2019b;Fowles and Nansen 2020). The limitations imposed at EU scale have several implications because the available data on the environmental and economic sustainability of the insects as feedstuff indicate that insect meals are more sustainable when insects are grown on poor substrates, often not authorised in the EU (Bosch et al 2019;Smetana et al 2019).…”

Section: Threatmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Despite this, in the EU these materials are not allowed for growing insects for food and feed. Some studies (Liland et al 2017;Pinotti et al 2019) clearly indicate that insect meal composition can be modulated by adding these by-products to the substrate used for rearing larvae, thus highlighting the great potential of fish by-products for designing innovative feed ingredients. In addition to highvalue bio-compounds, fish by-products have arisen great interest in the evaluation of suitability as an alternative to fossil fuels (Singh and Singh 2010;Rodrigues et al 2017;Kara et al 2018).…”

Section: Future Perspectivesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Insect and fish by-products as sustainable alternatives to conventional animal proteins in animal nutrition

Gasco

Acuti

Bani

et al. 2020

Italian Journal of Animal Science

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150

117

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This paper reviews current knowledge on two feedstuffs, that is, insect meal and fish by-products, as alternatives to conventional animal protein sources. After an introductory part that highlights the need for sustainable development of animal production, the alternative protein sources are discussed. In particular, after providing some indications on their production and supply focussing on EU, a SWOT (Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, and Threats) analysis was performed to identify the key factors that could help or impair the development of both protein sources production sectors. Finally, future perspectives are presented. The use of processed animal proteins derived from insects in farmed fish feeding is recognised by the EU legislation that authorises the use of proteins from seven insect species and the allowed substrates to rear insects. Insects have several advantages in nutritional value and the amino acid composition of their proteins generally meet animal requirements for good growth and health. The SWOT analysis indicated that insect meals can be considered as feed functional ingredients with beneficial properties that depend on the insect species, rearing system adopted, and the substrate used for their growth. Insects are expected to be increasingly used as a replacement for conventional animal-derived proteins, especially in aquafeeds. In the section regarding fishery and aquaculture by-products, the potential use of raw materials obtained during seafood processing is discussed. Peptides and amino acids recovered from as hydrolysed proteins can be used in animal feeds to partially substitute conventional protein feedstuffs thus providing nutrients, bioactive compounds and feed additives for animals. The SWOT analysis identified opportunities and weaknesses. Both the alternative protein sources are promising alternative feed ingredients for livestock production. HIGHLIGHTSThe sustainable development of animal production sector needs alternative protein sources for feeds formulation. Insects and fishery-and aquaculture by-products represent optimal alternative protein sources. A SWOT analysis has identified the key factors for the development of both protein sources production sectors. ARTICLE HISTORY

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