Review: Functional linkages between amino acid transporters and plant responses to pathogens

Sonawala, Unnati; Dinkeloo, Kasia; Danna, Cristian H.; McDowell, John M.; Pilot, Guillaume

doi:10.1016/j.plantsci.2018.09.009

Cited by 41 publications

(30 citation statements)

References 82 publications

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“…Plants are frequently infected by diverse pathogens and pests in the natural environment. Upon infection, invaders acquire nutrition from their hosts and amino acids are an important source of N provided by host plants [87]. Therefore, regulating amino acid homeostasis through changing the expression of transporters might influence the plant defense response.…”

Section: Defense Responsementioning

confidence: 99%

Amino Acid Transporters in Plant Cells: A Brief Review

Yang

Wei

Huang

et al. 2020

Plants

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Amino acids are not only a nitrogen source that can be directly absorbed by plants, but also the major transport form of organic nitrogen in plants. A large number of amino acid transporters have been identified in different plant species. Despite belonging to different families, these amino acid transporters usually exhibit some general features, such as broad expression pattern and substrate selectivity. This review mainly focuses on transporters involved in amino acid uptake, phloem loading and unloading, xylem-phloem transfer, import into seed and intracellular transport in plants. We summarize the other physiological roles mediated by amino acid transporters, including development regulation, abiotic stress tolerance and defense response. Finally, we discuss the potential applications of amino acid transporters for crop genetic improvement.

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Section: Defense Responsementioning

confidence: 99%

Amino Acid Transporters in Plant Cells: A Brief Review

Yang

Wei

Huang

et al. 2020

Plants

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“…Lack of mineral elements in the human diet has been found to cause serious problems, especially for children and pregnant women (Paiva et al, 2017b). Amino acids involve a range of physiological activities in plants and in the human body, they are used to synthesize proteins, maintain nitrogen balance, and produce antibodies and certain hormones in humans (Hildebrandt Tatjana et al, 2015;Sonawala et al, 2018;Zhao et al, 2018).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Response of total phenols, flavonoids, minerals, and amino acids of four edible fern species to four shading treatments

Wang

Gao

et al. 2020

PeerJ

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Total phenols, flavonoids, minerals and amino acids content were investigated in leaves of four fern species grown under four shading treatments with different sunlight transmittance in 35% full sunlight (FS), 13% FS, 8% FS and 4% FS. The leaves of four fern species contain high levels of total phenols and flavonoids, abundant minerals and amino acids, and these all were strongly affected by transmittance. Total phenols and flavonoids content were significantly positively correlated with transmittance, while minerals and total amino acids content were significantly negatively correlated with transmittance, a finding that supports research into how higher light intensity can stimulate the synthesis of phenols and flavonoids, and proper shading can stimulate the accumulation of minerals and amino acids. Matteuccia struthiopteris (L.) Todaro (MS) had the highest total phenols content, Athyrium multidentatum (Doll.) Ching (AM) showed the highest total amino acids, total essential amino acids content, Osmunda cinnamomea (L) var. asiatica Fernald (OCA) exhibited the highest total non-essential amino acids and flavonoids content. Pteridium aquilinum (L.) Kuhn var. latiusculum (Desy.) Underw. ex Heller (PAL) exhibited the highest minerals content. This research can provide a scientific basis for the cultivation and management of those four fern species.

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“…In infection of soybean roots, wall appositions were very prevalent with 30 min 32 . Based on the hypothesis that host amino acids could represent an important nutrient source for invading pathogens, it has been hypothesized that some pathogen effectors might modulate the activity of plant transporters to increase the export of amino acids into the apoplast 33 . Consistent with this hypothesis, mutations in the gene RPTs1 resulted in resistance to P. parasitica and two other biotropic pathogens Pseudomonas syringae pv.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Structural and catalytic analysis of two diverse uridine phosphorylases in Phytophthora capsici

Yang

Huang

et al. 2020

Sci Rep

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Uridine phosphorylase (Up) is a key enzyme of pyrimidine salvage pathways that enables the recycling of endogenous or exogenous-supplied pyrimidines and plays an important intracellular metabolic role. Here, we biochemically and structurally characterized two evolutionarily divergent uridine phosphorylases, PcUP1 and PcUP2 from the oomycete pathogen Phytophthora capsici. our analysis of other oomycete genomes revealed that both uridine phosphorylases are present in Phytophthora and Pythium genomes, but only UP2 is seen in Saprolegnia spp. which are basal members of the oomycetes. Moreover, uridine phosphorylases are not found in obligate oomycete pathogens such as Hyaloperonospora arabidopsidis and Albugo spp. PcUP1 and PcUP2 are upregulated 300 and 500 fold respectively, within 90 min after infection of pepper leaves. The crystal structures of PcUP1 in ligand-free and in complex with uracil/ribose-1-phosphate, 2′-deoxyuridine/phosphate and thymidine/ phosphate were analyzed. crystal structure of this uridine phosphorylase showed strict conservation of key residues in the binding pocket. Structure analysis of PcUP1 with bound ligands, and site-directed mutagenesis of key residues provide additional support for the "push-pull" model of catalysis. our study highlights the importance of pyrimidine salvage during the earliest stages of infection. Phytophthora capsici, one of the most destructive plant pathogens of Phytophthora spp., causes economic losses to tomatoes, peppers, cucurbits, lima, and snap bean crops 1. The most effective control strategies of Phytophthora require a combination of different methods 1. However, chemical control of Phytophthora, is becoming less effective because of growing resistance to existing chemicals, and because oomycetes lack the targets for most of the broad-spectrum agrochemicals deployed against phytopathogenic fungi. Since metabolism and nutrient acquisition play an important role in disease establishment, infection, and development of plant pathogens 2 a complete, detailed analysis of metabolic strategies used by foliar oomycete pathogens is warranted to identify new strategies for control of these pathogens 3. The biosynthesis of purine and pyrimidine nucleotides which are critical substrates for growth and replication, can proceed via de novo synthesis from amino acids, or by salvage pathways that enable the recycling of bases and nucleosides formed during the degradation of RNA and DNA 4. While the enzymatic strategies for synthesis of purine and pyrimidine are strongly conserved across the domains of life, different salvage pathways are seen in mammals, plants, and fungi 5,6 Earlier work indicated that during the initial biotrophic phase of the foliar infection by the potato blight pathogen P. infestans, biosynthesis of pyrimidines was strongly upregulated, indicating that invasive growth was not dependent on plant nucleotides, while the salvage pathway appeared to become more important during the necrotrophic stage of infection 7. The nucleotide salvage pathway has also b...

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Review: Functional linkages between amino acid transporters and plant responses to pathogens

Cited by 41 publications

References 82 publications

Amino Acid Transporters in Plant Cells: A Brief Review

Amino Acid Transporters in Plant Cells: A Brief Review

Response of total phenols, flavonoids, minerals, and amino acids of four edible fern species to four shading treatments

Structural and catalytic analysis of two diverse uridine phosphorylases in Phytophthora capsici

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