Review: Dietary Intake and Type 2 Diabetes

Abstract

Diabetes occurs as a result of deficient insulin or inability of the body to make use of insulin effectively. Some range of dietary interventions can provide useful approaches for managing people with type 2 diabetes, including the regulation of blood glucose and lipid parameters, and for reducing the risks of acute and chronic diabetic complications. Dietary intake is measured to assess food, nutrient, or bioactive intake of individuals, groups, or populations. The purpose of collection of measurements varies from individual assessments in clinical situations or the adequacy of intake of population groups to use in research, relating diet to health status. Dietary intake measurement also determines daily eating pattern of an individual including specific foods and calories consumed and relative quantities. The role of vitamin D diet in glucose homeostasis is associated with insulin secretion, insulin resistance, and systemic inflammation and this is one of its important nonskeletal functions. In addition, there is a link between the consumption of dairy products and a lower risk of type 2 diabetic. Moreover, a low glycemic index (GI) diet is more effective in controlling glycated hemoglobin and fasting blood glucose than a high GI diet in patients with type 2 diabetes. Nutritional approaches employed in managing patients with type 2 diabetic may also involve the use of enteral nutrition, including oral nutritional supplements (ONS). In conclusion, in order to reduce the problems of diabetes, lifestyle changes usually dietary interventions, are adopted.