Review: Biology of the commercially used sea urchin Tripneustes gratilla (Linnaeus, 1758) (Echinoidea: Echinodermata)

Toha, Abdul Hamid A.; Sumitro, Sutiman Bambang; Hakim, Luchman; Widodo, Nashi; Binur, Robi; Suhaemi, Suhaemi; Anggoro, Aji Wahyu

doi:10.13057/oceanlife/o010101

Cited by 15 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 41 publications

(67 reference statements)

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“…Sonnenholzner et al (2018) suggest that T. depressus has continuous, nondiscrete and synchronous gametogenic activity throughout the year, with two peaks of gonadal development for reproduction. This continuous reproduction pattern with peaks in winter and summer has been reported for other species of the genus such as T. ventricosus off the coast of Florida (McPherson, 1965) and T. gratilla in Madagascar, Kenya and the Philippines (Muthiga, 2005;Toha et al, 2017).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 76%

Reproduction of the sea urchin Tripneustes depressus (Camarodonta: Toxopneustidae) in Bahía de La Paz, Baja California Sur, Mexico

Vives

Rubilar

Herrero-Pérezrul

et al. 2021

RBT

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Introduction: Sea urchin gonads (roe or uni) are considered a culinary delicacy worldwide. However, only a few species are considered edible and commercialized. The sea urchin Tripneustes depressus has generated the interest of producers in Baja California Sur, Mexico, due to the quality of its gonads. A biological basis for designing a management strategy is key to consider its commercial exploitation. Objective: To determine the reproductive season of T. depressus through description of the gonad stages and reproductive cycle, and to establish its relationship with environmental factors. Methods: We collected monthly samples (October 2016-September 2017), recording in-situ temperature and photoperiod. We evaluated a sample of 1 055 specimens for demographic characteristics, using total weight (g) and test diameter (cm). We also did a histological analysis of gonads from 178 individuals. Results: Average test diameter was 9.70 ± 0.03 cm (5-12.50 cm). Based on the proportion into the gonad of sexual (gametes) and somatic (nutritive phagocytes) cells, we propose five gonad stages (growing, premature, mature, spawning, and intergametic) for both sexes. There were two times of the year when gonads were heaviest and closely corresponded to the growing stage, coinciding with the highest proportions of nutritive phagocytes. Gonad development (growing and premature stages) peaks in the months with the longest daylight periods, with spawning in the shortest daylight periods. Conclusions: Gonad wet weight and adjusted gonad weight are good indicators of the reproductive season of T. depressus. The lowest gonad wet weights were matched the spawning peak in the shortest daylight period (January and March).

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 76%

Reproduction of the sea urchin Tripneustes depressus (Camarodonta: Toxopneustidae) in Bahía de La Paz, Baja California Sur, Mexico

Vives

Rubilar

Herrero-Pérezrul

et al. 2021

RBT

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“…In the present study, both species were observed at 160 m depth; three specimens of T. gratilla on Pukao and one specimen of P. indiana on Apolo. Tripneustes gratilla was reported with a maximum depth of 75 m (Toha et al 2017), so this report extends its known depth range by 85 m. Pseudoboletia indiana is absent from most EIE databases (i.e. review from Fernández et al, 2014, OBIS database), but it was not only observed in the present study but specimens from Rapa Nui were also used for a molecular study of the genus (Zigler et al 2012), so it likely abundant near Rapa Nui.…”

Section: Family Clypeasteridae L Agassiz 1835supporting

confidence: 49%

Unexplored diversity of the mesophotic echinoderm fauna of the Easter Island ecoregion

et al. 2019

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The Easter Island Ecoregion (EIE) is one of the most remote marine areas of the world and encompasses a vast and fragile ecosystem including oceanic islands and seamounts. In March 2016, a remotely operated vehicle was used to explore a subsurface peak off Easter Island (27.23º S, 109.48º W) and a seamount (26.92º S, 110.26º W), respectively located 10 km southwest and 98 km west of the island. More than 950 echinoderms were observed in the five hours of video recorded during the seven dives conducted at depths between ~160 and ~280 m. The communities of echinoderms observed at these depths markedly differed from those reported for shallower waters near Easter Island. Of the 20 morphospecies reported in the present study, only five were previously reported in the EIE. One species, six genera, and three families were reported for the first time in this area, and two new genera were discovered and described. A preliminary biogeographic analysis suggests affinities between the observed echinoderms and those of the West Pacific. These findings highlight the uniqueness of these assemblages, and therefore the importance of considering them in the establishment of effective management strategies of these communities, which are within the Rapa Nui Marine Protected Area created in 2017.

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“…Targeting more economically important species in any such co-culturing venture would further add to the cost reduction benefits. For example, the collector sea urchin Tripneustes gratilla is an important food item in many countries across the world such as the Philippines and South Korea 53 . Whilst not the main focus of this paper we have been successful in culturing T. gratilla , and therefore suggest this species as an alternative to M. globulus when co-culturing corals in future projects.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ex situ co culturing of the sea urchin, Mespilia globulus and the coral Acropora millepora enhances early post-settlement survivorship

Craggs

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Bulling

et al. 2019

Sci Rep

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Reef restoration efforts, utilising sexual coral propagation need up-scaling to have ecologically meaningful impact. Post-settlement survival bottlenecks, in part due to competitive benthic algae interactions should be addressed, to improve productivity for these initiatives. Sea urchins are keystone grazers in reef ecosystems, yet feeding behaviour of adults causes physical damage and mortality to developing coral spat. To investigate if microherbivory can be utilised for co-culture, we quantitatively assessed how varying densities of juvenile sea urchins Mespilia globulus (Linnaeus, 1758), reared alongside the coral Acropora millepora (Ehrenberg, 1834) effected survival and growth of coral recruits. Spawning of both species were induced ex situ. A comparison of A. millepora spat reared in three M. globulus densities (low 16.67 m−2, medium 37.50 m−2, high 75.00 m−2) and a non-grazed control indicated coral survival is significantly influenced by grazing activity (p < 0.001) and was highest in the highest density treatment (39.65 ± 10.88%, mean ± s.d). Urchin grazing also significantly (p < 0.001) influenced coral size (compared to non-grazing control), with colonies in the medium and high-densities growing the largest (21.13 ± 1.02 mm & 20.80 ± 0.82, mean ± s.e.m). Increased urchin density did however have a negative influence on urchin growth, a result of limited food availability.

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Review: Biology of the commercially used sea urchin Tripneustes gratilla (Linnaeus, 1758) (Echinoidea: Echinodermata)

Cited by 15 publications

References 41 publications

Reproduction of the sea urchin Tripneustes depressus (Camarodonta: Toxopneustidae) in Bahía de La Paz, Baja California Sur, Mexico

Reproduction of the sea urchin Tripneustes depressus (Camarodonta: Toxopneustidae) in Bahía de La Paz, Baja California Sur, Mexico

Unexplored diversity of the mesophotic echinoderm fauna of the Easter Island ecoregion

Ex situ co culturing of the sea urchin, Mespilia globulus and the coral Acropora millepora enhances early post-settlement survivorship

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