Review Article: Tools and trends for probing brain neurochemistry

Beyene, Abraham G.; Yang, Sarah J.; Landry, Markita P.

doi:10.1116/1.5051047

Cited by 23 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 66 publications

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“…However, in order to understand both signalling between single neurons and through extended neural networks, it is essential to monitor neural activity over much larger volumes, ideally at high speeds while achieving synaptic resolution 1 . Unfortunately despite significant progress, no single technology or approach has yet been able to accomplish all the analytical requirements for widespread in vivo use in humans 2–4 . In addition, for in vivo brain imaging, sensors need to be able to transmit through not only tissue and skin, but also trans-cranially.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modulating the properties of DNA-SWCNT sensors using chemically modified DNA

Gillen

Lambert

Antonucci

et al. 2021

Preprint

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Properties of SWCNT-based sensors such as brightness and detection capabilities strongly depend on the characteristics of the wrapping used to suspend the nanotubes. In this study, we explore ways to modify the properties of DNA-SWCNT sensors by using chemically modified DNA sequences, with the aim of creating sensors more suitable for use in in vivo and in vitro applications. We show that both the fluorescence intensity and sensor reactivity are strongly impacted not only by the chemical modification of the DNA but also by the method of preparation. In the absence of modifications, the sensors prepared using MeOH-assisted surfactant exchange exhibited higher overall fluorescence compared to those prepared by direct sonication. However, we demonstrate that the incorporation of chemical modifications in the DNA sequence could be used to enhance the fluorescence intensity of sonicated samples. We attribute these improvements to both a change in dispersion efficiency as well as to a change in SWCNT chirality distribution. Furthermore, despite their higher intensities, the response capabilities of sensors prepared by MeOH-assisted surfactant exchange were shown to be significantly reduced compared to their sonicated counterparts. Sonicated sensors exhibited a globally higher turn-on response towards dopamine compared to the exchanged samples, with modified samples retaining their relative intensity enhancement. As the increases in fluorescence intensity were achieved without needing to alter the base sequence of the DNA wrap- ping or to add any exogenous compounds, these modifications can - in theory - be applied to nearly any DNA sequence to increase the brightness and penetration depths of a variety of DNA-SWCNT sensors without affecting biocompatibility or reducing the near-limitless sequence space available. This makes these sensors an attractive alternative for dopamine sensing in vitro and in vivo by enabling significantly higher penetration depths and shorter laser exposure times.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modulating the properties of DNA-SWCNT sensors using chemically modified DNA

Gillen

Lambert

Antonucci

et al. 2021

Preprint

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“…Toward further understanding how astrocyte gliotransmission affects local circuitry and behavior in vivo , there is a growing list of neurochemical sensors that may provide insight ( Looger and Griesbeck, 2012 ; Scofield et al, 2015 ; Beyene et al, 2019 ; Leopold et al, 2019 ). Many studies reviewed here focused on astrocyte interactions with local neuronal circuitry, as would be expected given that astrocytes do not project to other brain regions as neurons do.…”

Section: Challenges and Future Prospectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

From Synapses to Circuits, Astrocytes Regulate Behavior

Lyon

Allen

2022

Front. Neural Circuits

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Astrocytes are non-neuronal cells that regulate synapses, neuronal circuits, and behavior. Astrocytes ensheath neuronal synapses to form the tripartite synapse where astrocytes influence synapse formation, function, and plasticity. Beyond the synapse, recent research has revealed that astrocyte influences on the nervous system extend to the modulation of neuronal circuitry and behavior. Here we review recent findings on the active role of astrocytes in behavioral modulation with a focus on in vivo studies, primarily in mice. Using tools to acutely manipulate astrocytes, such as optogenetics or chemogenetics, studies reviewed here have demonstrated a causal role for astrocytes in sleep, memory, sensorimotor behaviors, feeding, fear, anxiety, and cognitive processes like attention and behavioral flexibility. Current tools and future directions for astrocyte-specific manipulation, including methods for probing astrocyte heterogeneity, are discussed. Understanding the contribution of astrocytes to neuronal circuit activity and organismal behavior will be critical toward understanding how nervous system function gives rise to behavior.

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“…Longitudinal positron emission tomography (PET), while non-invasive, is not adequately sensitive to detect subtle changes in dopamine (DA) levels. While each available technique yields useful information, it is fast-scan cyclic voltammetry (FSCV) and HPLC coupled with microdialysis that allow for high temporal and spatial resolution for the detection of neurotransmitters (NTs) [ 51 , 52 , 53 , 54 ]. Of these two techniques, HPLC-coupled microdialysis can have a temporal resolution of up to 1 min by combining injection and analysis, separating and quantifying various NTs.…”

Section: Introduction To Carbon-based Sensors For Neurochemical Sementioning

confidence: 99%

Next-Generation Diamond Electrodes for Neurochemical Sensing: Challenges and Opportunities

et al. 2021

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Carbon-based electrodes combined with fast-scan cyclic voltammetry (FSCV) enable neurochemical sensing with high spatiotemporal resolution and sensitivity. While their attractive electrochemical and conductive properties have established a long history of use in the detection of neurotransmitters both in vitro and in vivo, carbon fiber microelectrodes (CFMEs) also have limitations in their fabrication, flexibility, and chronic stability. Diamond is a form of carbon with a more rigid bonding structure (sp3-hybridized) which can become conductive when boron-doped. Boron-doped diamond (BDD) is characterized by an extremely wide potential window, low background current, and good biocompatibility. Additionally, methods for processing and patterning diamond allow for high-throughput batch fabrication and customization of electrode arrays with unique architectures. While tradeoffs in sensitivity can undermine the advantages of BDD as a neurochemical sensor, there are numerous untapped opportunities to further improve performance, including anodic pretreatment, or optimization of the FSCV waveform, instrumentation, sp2/sp3 character, doping, surface characteristics, and signal processing. Here, we review the state-of-the-art in diamond electrodes for neurochemical sensing and discuss potential opportunities for future advancements of the technology. We highlight our team’s progress with the development of an all-diamond fiber ultramicroelectrode as a novel approach to advance the performance and applications of diamond-based neurochemical sensors.

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Review Article: Tools and trends for probing brain neurochemistry

Cited by 23 publications

References 66 publications

Modulating the properties of DNA-SWCNT sensors using chemically modified DNA

Modulating the properties of DNA-SWCNT sensors using chemically modified DNA

From Synapses to Circuits, Astrocytes Regulate Behavior

Next-Generation Diamond Electrodes for Neurochemical Sensing: Challenges and Opportunities

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