Review Article: Recycling of Polystyrene

Maharana, Tungabidya; Negi, Yuvraj Singh; Mohanty, Bikash

doi:10.1080/03602550701273963

Cited by 142 publications

(74 citation statements)

References 45 publications

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“…The poor biodegradability of PS creates a serious environmental problem so that the recycling of waste PS has been gaining greater attention in recent years. Among various recycling methods, the chemical method which converts waste PS to useful hydrocarbons such as styrene has been recognized as a promising approach [1][2][3]. PS can be depolymerized to monomer styrene, which can be polymerized to polystyrene again and be widely used to synthesize other chemicals.…”

Section: ⅰ Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pyrolysis of Waste Polystyrene to Recover Styrene over Alkaline Mesoporous Molecular Sieve K2O-BaO/MCM-41

Liu

et al. 2010

2010 International Conference on Digital Manufacturing &Amp; Automation

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Mesoporous molecular sieve BaO/MCM-41 catalyst was synthesized under hydrothermal conditions and K 2 O-BaO/MCM-41 molecular sieve was prepared by impregnating BaO/MCM-41 with KNO 3 . The obtained K 2 OBaO/MCM-41 was used in catalytic pyrolysis of polystyrene(PS). The effects of catalyst kind, content of K 2 O, reaction temperature, pressure and time on pyrolysis results of PS were examined. The results showed that K 2 O-BaO/MCM-41 had better catalytic performance. Under the conditions of m(catalyst)/m(PS)=2%, temperature 410℃, pressure 0.01MPa and time 20 min, the conversion of PS was≥98%, the yield of liquid product was≥96% and the content of styrene in liquid product was ≥ 73%. The reusability of the catalyst was investigated and there was no obvious decrease in conversion of PS, yield of liquid products and content of styrene in liquid products after the catalyst was reused for 5 times. Moreover, K 2 O-BaO/MCM-41 was characterized by XRD.

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Section: ⅰ Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pyrolysis of Waste Polystyrene to Recover Styrene over Alkaline Mesoporous Molecular Sieve K2O-BaO/MCM-41

Liu

et al. 2010

2010 International Conference on Digital Manufacturing &Amp; Automation

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confidence: 99%

“…Polystyrene (PS) is one of the most widely used polymers, and utilization of waste PS requires the development of cost-saving and safe technologies [1]. Pyrolysis of polymeric wastes is an effi cient method of their reprocessing.…”

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confidence: 99%

Pyrolysis of polystyrene in coal tar and ethylene tar pitches

et al. 2012

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Pyrolysis of polystyrene in the medium of coal tar pitch and of pitch prepared from ethylene production tar was performed in the temperature range 360-420°C at atmospheric pressure.Polystyrene (PS) is one of the most widely used polymers, and utilization of waste PS requires the development of cost-saving and safe technologies [1]. Pyrolysis of polymeric wastes is an effi cient method of their reprocessing. The pyrolysis products are raw materials for the production of fuels or chemicals [2]. In PS pyrolysis, the yield of low-molecular-weight mononuclear aromatic compounds exceeds 95%. Therefore, this process is actively studied as a method for recirculation of the waste polymer [3].The yields and composition of PS pyrolysis products depend on the temperature, presence of catalysts and solvents, type and design of the reactor, and other process conditions [3][4][5][6][7][8][9]. Performing the polymer pyrolysis in solvents allows the conditions of mass and heat transfer in the reaction medium to be improved (otherwise these conditions are unfavorable because of high viscosity of polymer melts) and the process temperature to be decreased [9][10][11]. The solvent can also affect the PS pyrolysis, entering into chemical reactions with the initial polymer or its degradation products.Murakata et al. [9,12] examined the effect of various solvents on the thermal degradation of PS in an autoclave and showed that solvents with high hydrogen donating ability decrease the PS conversion. The major lowmolecular-weight products of PS pyrolysis under these conditions are saturated compounds (ethylbenzene > toluene > styrene). The results are attributed to the hydrogen transfer from solvents to PS degradation products and from PS to solvent radicals. With the aim to increase the styrene yield, Karaduman [13] studied the PS pyrolysis in an autoclave at 350-450°C in phenol, quinone, naphthalene, and diphenylamine. The highest yield of styrene (74%) was attained in naphthalene; in diphenylamine, the styrene yield was lower than when the process was performed without solvent. The amount of the solid pyrolysis residue in the solvents was lower than without solvent.Coal tar pitch can be used as high-boiling solvent for polymers [14]. Studies involving heat treatment of coal tar pitch with PS were primarily aimed at preparing modifi ed asphalt and carbon materials [15][16][17][18]. Carbonization of pitch with 10% PS was studied by Brzozowska et al. [15][16][17], who showed that addition of PS accelerates the formation of the mesophase, affects its structure, and increases the carbonizate yield. Slow heating to 430°C of the toluene-soluble fraction of coal tar pitch with the addition of PS, followed by keeping at high temperature, increases the amount of alkyl groups in the pitch and affects the yield and structural characteristics of the soluble mesophase [18]. Pyrolysis of medium-temperature coal tar pitch at 410-450°C was suggested in a patent [19] for preparing high-temperature modifi ed pitches. Finqueneisel et al. [20] examined the...

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“…[10] EPS recycling is often sub-categorized using three groups: (1) material recycling, the reduction of EPS volume using compression or dissolution in solvent; (2) chemical recycling, the breaking of covalent bonds to re-generate monomers or other small molecules; and (3) thermal recycling, the combustion of EPS waste to generate energy. [11] The simplest and most common method of recycling EPS is material recycling by mechanical compaction, and mechanical EPS densifiers are commercially available from multiple sources. [12] Since mechanical densifiers require that EPS be contaminant free before compaction, mechanical densification is not ideal for recycling food or drink contaminated waste items.…”

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confidence: 99%

A High‐Performance Recycling Solution for Polystyrene Achieved by the Synthesis of Renewable Poly(thioether) Networks Derived from d‐Limonene

Hearon¹,

Nash²,

Rodríguez³

et al. 2013

Advanced Materials

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Nanocomposite polymers have been prepared using a new sustainable materials synthesis process in which d-Limonene functions simultaneously both as a solvent for recycling polystyrene (PS) waste and as a monomer that undergoes UV-catalyzed thiol-ene polymerization reactions with polythiol co-monomers to afford polymeric products comprised of precipitated PS phases dispersed throughout elastomeric poly(thioether) networks. These blended networks exhibit mechanical properties that greatly exceed those of either polystyrene or the poly(thioether) network homopolymers alone.

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Review Article: Recycling of Polystyrene

Cited by 142 publications

References 45 publications

Pyrolysis of Waste Polystyrene to Recover Styrene over Alkaline Mesoporous Molecular Sieve K2O-BaO/MCM-41

Pyrolysis of Waste Polystyrene to Recover Styrene over Alkaline Mesoporous Molecular Sieve K2O-BaO/MCM-41

Pyrolysis of polystyrene in coal tar and ethylene tar pitches

A High‐Performance Recycling Solution for Polystyrene Achieved by the Synthesis of Renewable Poly(thioether) Networks Derived from d‐Limonene

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