Review article: oral ulcers and its relevance to systemic disorders

Abstract

Summary Oral ulceration is a common problem, and is sometimes a marker of gastroenterological disease. Patients with signs or symptoms of oral ulcers are sometimes referred to gastroenterology clinics, however, in most instances the ulcers does not reflect gastrointestinal disease. Indeed, a spectrum of disorders other than those of the gut can give rise to oral mucosal ulcers ranging from minor local trauma to significant local disease such as malignancy or systemic illness. This present article reviews aspects of the aetiology, diagnosis and management of common ulcerative disorders of the oral mucosa.

Efficacy of topical benzydamine hydrochloride gel on oral mucosal ulcers: an in vivo animal study

“…At the end of the 12-day test period, the mean ulcer area of the Bnz HCl group was 31% smaller than that of the base and 33% smaller than that of the control groups. A similar patient study revealed no differences between Bnz HCl, chlorhexidine and placebo mouthwashes in the treatment of aphthous ulcers 14 , even though clinical benefits with benzydamine application have been previously reported 7,9,17,21 .…”

“…Oral ulcers, an end-result of epithelial damage, may occur due to a number of causes including trauma 17,22 , immunemediated conditions such as aphthous stomatitis and lichen planus and lichenoid reactions 13,22 , cytotoxic therapy (such as radiation and chemotherapy) 8,9,24 , druginduced hypersensitivity reactions of the mucosa 22 and malignant changes 19 .…”

“…General treatment modalities for oral ulcers include application of topical corticosteroids, topical tetracycline 11 or tetracycline plus nicotinamide 22 , systemic immunomodulators 22,27 , topical analgesics 27 , antiseptic mouth washes 27 , amlexanox and benzydamine hydrochloride 17 . Benzydamine hydrochloride (Bnz HCl) is available in a number of countries and is recommended for the relief of inflammatory conditions of the oral cavity, soft tissues and skin 21 .…”

Salivary defense system alters in vegetarian

“…11 It has been shown that biochemical composition can also reflect the causes of some systemic disease. 12 Human saliva can reflect the relationship between oral hygiene and some chronic systemic diseases 13 as well as intensity of exercise. 14 …”

Traumatic chemical oral ulceration: a case report and review of the literature

“…1 Most traumatic ulceration refl ects local physical aetiologies such as a broken tooth or dental restoration, or trauma from an orthodontic or prosthodontic appliance. Chemicals are a less common cause of traumatic ulceration.…”