Review article: mesenchymal stromal cell therapy for inflammatory bowel diseases

Abstract

SUMMARY BackgroundInflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) are chronic relapsing diseases in which pro-inflammatory immune cells and cytokines induce intestinal tissue damage and disability. Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) exert powerful immunomodulatory effects and stimulate tissue repair.

A single administration of human adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stromal cells (MSC) induces durable and sustained long-term regulation of inflammatory response in experimental colitis

“…The immunosuppressive capacity of MSC allows tolerance in transplantation, while their potential to induce regeneration of damaged tissues and cell differentiation make them an effective tool for treating IBD [18]. Indeed, several clinical trials have shown short-term positive results in more than 200 nonresponsive patients with refractory IBD, in which MSC promoted a complete clinical remission in approximately 40% and an overall response in approximately 60% (for review, see Grégoire et al [19]). These effects involve T reg recruitment and T helper type 1 (Th1)/Th17 inhibition [19][20][21][22][23][24][25].…”

“…Indeed, several clinical trials have shown short-term positive results in more than 200 nonresponsive patients with refractory IBD, in which MSC promoted a complete clinical remission in approximately 40% and an overall response in approximately 60% (for review, see Grégoire et al [19]). These effects involve T reg recruitment and T helper type 1 (Th1)/Th17 inhibition [19][20][21][22][23][24][25]. Nevertheless, despite these well-described short-term properties, little is known about long-term MSC effects on IBD.…”

“…In this sense, mesenchymal stromal cells (MSC) have been applied to treat intestinal inflammation, considering their immunomodulatory properties, with reduced harmful effects [14]. Indeed, several clinical trials have shown short-term positive results in more than 200 nonresponsive patients with refractory IBD, in which MSC promoted a complete clinical remission in approximately 40% and an overall response in approximately 60% (for review, see Grégoire et al [19]). Indeed, several clinical trials have shown short-term positive results in more than 200 nonresponsive patients with refractory IBD, in which MSC promoted a complete clinical remission in approximately 40% and an overall response in approximately 60% (for review, see Grégoire et al [19]).…”

“…The immunosuppressive capacity of MSC allows tolerance in transplantation, while their potential to induce regeneration of damaged tissues and cell differentiation make them an effective tool for treating IBD [18]. These effects involve T reg recruitment and T helper type 1 (Th1)/Th17 inhibition [19][20][21][22][23][24][25]. These effects involve T reg recruitment and T helper type 1 (Th1)/Th17 inhibition [19][20][21][22][23][24][25].…”

Mesenchymal Stem Cells Improve Healing of Diabetic Foot Ulcer

“…Nowadays, a growing number of diseases can be improved via wide applications of stem cell transplantation, such as congenital cataract [12], diabetic retinopathy and keratopathy [13], myocardial infarction [14], ocular surface burns [15, 16], serious skin burns [17, 18], Parkinson's disease [19], Huntington's disease [20], and especially DFU [21]. Accumulating evidence has pointed out that mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) may enhance wound healing [22–24] and be served as a cell source for many tissue engineering applications including bone regeneration [25], cartilage regeneration [26–28], myocardial regeneration [29], neurogenesis [30, 31], inflammatory bowel diseases [32], and DFU [33, 34]. MSCs exist in many tissues, for example, bone marrow [35, 36], umbilical cord [37, 38], placenta [39, 40], adipose tissue [36, 41–43], gingiva [44, 45], oral mucosa [46], amniotic fluid [47], and brain [48].…”