Review article: intestinal barrier dysfunction and central nervous system disorders - a controversial association

Julio–Pieper, Marcela; Bravo, Javier A.; Aliaga, Esteban; Gotteland, Martín

doi:10.1111/apt.12950

Cited by 79 publications

(59 citation statements)

References 109 publications

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“…Epithelial permeability. Alterations in gut epithelial permeability have been described in IBS (77) and in some patients with autism and schizophrenia (78). Gut microbiota and probiotics play an important modulatory role on intestinal barrier function (79,80).…”

Section: Gut Microbiota Effects On the Brain: Preclinical Evidencementioning

confidence: 99%

Gut/brain axis and the microbiota

Mayer¹,

Tillisch²,

Gupta³

2015

J. Clin. Invest.

1,107

824

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Section: Gut Microbiota Effects On the Brain: Preclinical Evidencementioning

confidence: 99%

Gut/brain axis and the microbiota

Mayer¹,

Tillisch²,

Gupta³

2015

J. Clin. Invest.

1,107

824

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

“…Increased intestinal barrier permeability is associated with psychiatric disorders, such as depression and autism, while it can be restored by probiotic formulations of B. longum and L. helveticus, along with improved CNS function. 31,41,77 According to the data reviewed, different probiotics exhibited several common effects; however, these effects were strain-dependent and occurred via different pathways at a lower level of the CNS. Thus, more studies are needed for clarify which probiotics target which central biochemical substances and behaviors.…”

Section: Mechanisms Of Action Of Probiotic Effectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Probiotics on Central Nervous System Functions in Animals and Humans: A Systematic Review

Wang

Lee

Braun

et al. 2016

J Neurogastroenterol Motil

266

195

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To systematically review the effects of probiotics on central nervous system function in animals and humans, to summarize effective interventions (species of probiotic, dose, duration), and to analyze the possibility of translating preclinical studies. Literature searches were conducted in Pubmed, Medline, Embase, and the Cochrane Library. Only randomized controlled trials were included. In total, 38 studies were included: 25 in animals and 15 in humans (2 studies were conducted in both). Most studies used Bifidobacterium (eg, B. longum, B. breve, and B. infantis) and Lactobacillus (eg, L. helveticus, and L. rhamnosus), with doses between 10 9 and 10 10 colonyforming units for 2 weeks in animals and 4 weeks in humans. These probiotics showed efficacy in improving psychiatric disorderrelated behaviors including anxiety, depression, autism spectrum disorder (ASD), obsessive-compulsive disorder, and memory abilities, including spatial and non-spatial memory. Because many of the basic science studies showed some efficacy of probiotics on central nervous system function, this background may guide and promote further preclinical and clinical studies. Translating animal studies to human studies has obvious limitations but also suggests possibilities. Here, we provide several suggestions for the translation of animal studies. More experimental designs with both behavioral and neuroimaging measures in healthy volunteers and patients are needed in the future.

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“…The intestinal barrier prevents toxins, pathogens and antigens in altering the various neuroactive compounds (132) . The existence of a rich gut-to-brain communication raises the possibility that intestinal barrier alterations may take part in the pathophysiology of CNS disorders and determine neuropsychiatric symptoms (133) . To date there have been neurophysiological studies aiming to evaluate the gut-microbiota-brain axis (134,135) but these unfortunately have not yet involved coeliac patients.…”

Section: Nutrition Research Reviewsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The progression of coeliac disease: its neurological and psychiatric implications

et al. 2016

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The aim of the paper is to show the various neurological and psychiatric symptoms in coeliac disease (CD). CD is a T cell-mediated, tissuespecific autoimmune disease which affects genetically susceptible individuals after dietary exposure to proline-and glutamine-rich proteins contained in certain cereal grains. Genetics, environmental factors and different immune systems, together with the presence of auto-antigens, are taken into account when identifying the pathogenesis of CD. CD pathogenesis is related to immune dysregulation, which involves the gastrointestinal system, and the extra-intestinal systems such as the nervous system, whose neurological symptoms are evidenced in CD patients. A gluten-free diet (GFD) could avoid cerebellar ataxia, epilepsy, neuropathies, migraine and mild cognitive impairment. Furthermore, untreated CD patients have more symptoms and psychiatric co-morbidities than those treated with a GFD. Common psychiatric symptoms in untreated CD adult patients include depression, apathy, anxiety, and irritability and schizophrenia is also common in untreated CD. Several studies show improvement in psychiatric symptoms after the start of a GFD. The present review discusses the state of the art regarding neurological and psychiatric complications in CD and highlights the evidence supporting a role for GFD in reducing neurological and psychiatric complications.

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Review article: intestinal barrier dysfunction and central nervous system disorders - a controversial association

Cited by 79 publications

References 109 publications

Gut/brain axis and the microbiota

Gut/brain axis and the microbiota

Effect of Probiotics on Central Nervous System Functions in Animals and Humans: A Systematic Review

The progression of coeliac disease: its neurological and psychiatric implications

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