Review article: Herbal extracts and organic acids as natural feed additives in pig diets

Costa, Leandro Batista; Fb, Luciano; Miyada, V. S.; Gois, Franz Dias

doi:10.4314/sajas.v43i2.9

Cited by 45 publications

(52 citation statements)

References 66 publications

(77 reference statements)

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“…Reductions in the gastric pH shorten the transit time and increase gastric retention due to increases in the proteolytic activity of enzymes (COSTA et al, 2013). This lack of change in the transit time can be attributed to the lack of acidification of the stomach.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Microencapsulated acids associated with essential oils and acid salts for piglets in the nursery phase

Callegari

Novais

Oliveira

et al. 2016

SCA

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The objective of this study was to evaluate the use of commercial blends of organic and inorganic acids combined with essential oils for piglets in the nursery phase. The formulations were administered as microcapsules or as acid salts. Ninety-six, Pen Ar Lan, barrow and female piglets, weaned at a body weight of 600 kg ± 12 kg and age of 23 days were subjected to four treatments. The animals were distributed in randomized blocks of three animals per pen and 8 replicates per treatment. The treatments consisted of four different diets: control (free of organic acids); acid and essential oil blends (fumaric acid 10,5%, malic acid 8.0%, essential oils; in microencapsulated form); microencapsulated acid blend (phosphoric acid 10%, citric acid 10%, malic acid 10%, fumaric acid 20%; in microencapsulated form); and acid salt blend (formic acid 40.5%, phosphoric acid 13.6%, propionic acid 4.9% and salts (23.2% calcium and 4.4% phosphorus available). The performance parameters, digestive transit time, weights of organs of the digestive tract, bacterial count of feces (Lactobacillus, E coli and Salmonella ssp and Clostridium), pH of the stomach and duodenal content did not differ between treatment groups (P> 005). All treatments containing organic acids exhibited positive effects on diarrhea control (P <005). The cecal contents of volatile fatty acids (VFA) were higher in piglets fed diets containing acids than in animals that received the control diet (P <005), and blends containing essential oils improved the jejunum villus height compared with the control group. The use of diets containing acids improved diarrhea control and VFA production in the cecum, and specifically the diets containing microencapsulated acid blends required the lowest doses to be effective. Key words: Diarrhea. Organic acids. Villi. Volatile fatty acids. ResumoO objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o uso de misturas comerciais de ácidos orgânicos e inorgânicos, associados a óleos essenciais, para leitões em fase de creche. Os produtos testados foram administrados na forma microencapsulada ou como sais de ácidos. Foram utilizados 96 leitões da linhagem Pen Ar Lan, machos castrados e fêmeas, desmamados com 6,00 kg ± 1,2 kg de peso vivo e 23 dias de idade, submetidos a quatro tratamentos. Os animais foram distribuídos em blocos ao acaso, em baias com três animais, contemplando oito repetições por tratamento. seguintes dietas: controle (livre de ácidos orgânicos); mistura de ácidos e óleos essenciais: (ácido fumárico: 10,5%, ácido málico: 8,0%, óleos essenciais; na forma microencapsulada); mistura de ácidos microencapsulados (ácido fosfórico: 10%, ácido cítrico: 10%, ácido málico: 10%, ácido fumárico: 20%; na forma microencapsulada); mistura de sais de ácidos (ácido fórmico: 40,5%, ácido fosfórico: 13,6%, ácido propiônico: 4,9% e seus sais: 23,2% de cálcio e 4,4% fósforo disponível). Não houve diferença entre os tratamentos para os parâmetros de desempenho, tempo de trânsito da dieta, peso dos órgãos do trato digestório, contagem bacteriana na...

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Costa et al (2013) reported that comparing the gastric pH of animals receiving organic acids is difficult. The authors attribute this difficulty to the wide variations in the methods used to measure the pH of the stomach.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microencapsulated acids associated with essential oils and acid salts for piglets in the nursery phase

Callegari

Novais

Oliveira

et al. 2016

SCA

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“…It catalyses the oxidation of β-D-glucose to gluconic acid by utilizing molecular oxygen as an electron acceptor with simultaneous production of H 2 O 2 (Hatzinikolaou & Macris, 1995). Two products of GOD hydrolysis are H 2 O 2 and gluconic acid, which may act as a bacteriocide (Crueger & Crueger, 1990;Rasiah et al, 2005;Costa et al, 2013) and acidity regulator (Nakao et al, 1997;Klein et al, 2002) to reduce the gastric pH, inhibit harmful bacteria and promote the growth of beneficial bacteria. Biagi et al (2006) reported that feeding gluconic acid can improve the growth performance of piglets after weaning.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of glucose oxidase on the growth performance, serum parameters and faecal microflora of piglets

Tang¹,

Yao²,

Gao³

et al. 2016

SA J. An. Sci.

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The experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of diets supplemented with glucose oxidase (GOD) on growth performance, serum parameters and faecal microflora of piglets. One hundred and twelve piglets (35 days old) were randomly assigned to two groups (four replicates per group, half male and half female, and 14 piglets per replicate) and fed a diet with or without 100 U GOD per kg, for 35 days. Feeding GOD caused a higher average daily weight gain and feed intake, and lower feed conversion ratio (FCR) of piglets. No significant difference was observed in the reference values of serum biochemical parameters between the groups fed with or without GOD. The contents of triiodothyronine, thyroxine and growth hormone of piglets fed GOD were higher than those of the control. Moreover, GOD supplementation suppressed the concentration of faecal Salmonella. The results showed that supplementation of GOD to diets promoted growth performance, increased the contents of growth and development-related hormones, and improved the faecal microflora of growing piglets.

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“…The positive results on the live performance of growing rabbits observed in the studies testing Digestarom ® dietary supplementation were generally attributed to the substantial reduction in digestive disorders of farmed rabbits. In fact, the phenolic components of essential oils possess antimicrobial activity against several microorganisms by altering the permeability of the cytoplasmic membrane to hydrogen ions (H + ) and potassium (K + ), leading to the disruption of essential cellular processes (Costa et al, 2013). Chemically, essential oils are complex mixtures of several different components such as terpenoids and many low molecular weight aliphatic hydrocarbons, which often make it difficult to explain their activities (Brenes and Roura, 2010).…”

Section: Gastrointestinal Ph and Caecal Microbial Count Of 5 And 8 Wkmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dietary supplementation of Digestarom® herbal formulation: effect on apparent digestibility, faecal and caecal microbial counts and live performance of growing rabbits

et al. 2016

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Abstract:The experiment aimed to study the effect of Digestarom ® dietary inclusion (herbal formulation containing a mixture of essential oils, herbs, spices and extracts) on apparent digestibility and digestive ecosystem of growing rabbits, as well as the effects of its supplementation before and after weaning on growth performance. At kindling, rabbit does and litters were divided into 2 dietary groups (51 does/group) and fed either a control diet (C) or a diet supplemented with 300 mg Digestarom ® /kg diet (D) until weaning, which occurred at 35 d (before weaning supplementation). Each group was further divided into 3 dietary groups: CC received the control diet and DD received the D diet from 5 to 12 wk of age, and DC were fed with D (from 5 to 8 wk of age) and C diets (from 8 to 12 wk of age) (after weaning supplementation; 54 kits/ group). An in vivo digestibility trial and a faecal microbial count were carried out on growing rabbits that received only the C or D diets during the trial. The C group showed higher DM intake than D group (215 vs. 196 g/d; P<0.05). The faecal digestibility of ether extract (75.9 vs. 59.8%; P<0.001), cellulose (25.9 vs. 20.6%; P<0.05) and gross energy (51.8 vs. 49.1%; P<0.05) was higher for C than for D group, whereas that of starch (98.9 vs. 98.8%; P<0.001) and the digestible protein to digestible energy ratio (13.9 vs. 13.2 g digestible protein/MJ digestible energy; P<0.01) was the highest for rabbits fed D diet. Stomach and caecal pH, caecal and faecal microbial counts were independent of the dietary treatment. The only exception was the stomach pH in 8 wk-old rabbits, which had the lowest value in C rabbits (P<0.05). The D supplementation before weaning improved feed conversion ratio throughout the growing phase (4.3 vs. 4.4 for D and C, respectively; P<0.05), whereas significant differences in daily weight gain, feed conversion ratio and mortality were observed only in the first period after weaning. Based on the results obtained, dietary supplementation with Digestarom ® does not seem to confirm the positive results previously reported for growing rabbits.

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Review article: Herbal extracts and organic acids as natural feed additives in pig diets

Cited by 45 publications

References 66 publications

Microencapsulated acids associated with essential oils and acid salts for piglets in the nursery phase

Microencapsulated acids associated with essential oils and acid salts for piglets in the nursery phase

Effects of glucose oxidase on the growth performance, serum parameters and faecal microflora of piglets

Dietary supplementation of Digestarom® herbal formulation: effect on apparent digestibility, faecal and caecal microbial counts and live performance of growing rabbits

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