Review article. From signal to form: aspects of the cytoskeleton-plasma membrane-cell wall continuum in root hair tips

Miller, Derek M.

doi:10.1093/jexbot/48.316.1881

Cited by 58 publications

(67 citation statements)

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“…nucleus and cytosol remained forward in the growing cell and redistributed when growth ceased as discussed by Miller et al (1997). Root hair growth (extension) rates measured at 1-min intervals were approximately constant, averaging 0.35 Ϯ 0.03 m/ min (n ϭ 4 cells in Fig.…”

Section: Root Hair Growthmentioning

confidence: 78%

“…If the cellulose were either laid down in ordered arrays or forced into a hoop-like alignment by the expanding surface (Green, 1973), the cell wall material itself would be expected to show anisotropic behavior regardless of strain anisotropy. Few data exist characterizing wall polymer supra-organization in the tips of legume root hairs (Newcomb and Bonnett, 1965;Emons and Wolters-Arts, 1983;Sherrier and VandenBosch, 1994;Miller et al, 1997), so it is not known to what degree cellulose is ordered or progressively cross-linked in these cells. To estimate the relative contributions of these mechanisms to the observed expansion anisotropy, we have undertaken a modeling study based on these data and the engineering theory of shells (J. Dumais, S.L.…”

Section: Surface Expansion At the Growing Tipmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Root hairs initiate as a small bulge from root epidermal trichoblast cells and elongate by the polarized addition of cell wall materials at the growing tip (Miller et al, 1997). Tip-growing cells concentrate secretory vesicles toward the apical end and create a tip-localized calcium gradient proposed to modulate vesicle fusion with the plasma membrane (Miller et al, 1992;Bibikova et al, 1997).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Cytoskeletal elements running the length of the hair cell keep the nucleus and vesicle-rich cytoplasm near the growing apex (Lloyd et al, 1987). Mitochondria and Golgi elements are also localized toward the growing tip, providing energy and materials for growth (Miller et al, 1997). The consequence of continued polar growth is an elongated, cylindrical cell projecting outwardly from the root axis (Bibikova et al, 1997).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Cell Surface Expansion in Polarly Growing Root Hairs ofMedicago truncatula

2000

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Fluorescent microspheres were used as material markers to investigate the relative rates of cell surface expansion at the growing tips of Medicago truncatula root hairs. From the analysis of tip shape and microsphere movements, we propose three characteristic zones of expansion in growing root hairs. The center of the apical dome is an area of 1-to 2-m diameter with relatively constant curvature and high growth rate. Distal to the apex is a more rapidly expanding region 1 to 2 m in width exhibiting constant surges of off-axis growth. This middle region forms an annulus of maximum growth rate and is visible as an area of accentuated curvature in the tip profile. The remainder of the apical dome is characterized by strong radial expansion anisotropy where the meridional rate of expansion falls below the radial expansion rate. Data also suggest possible meridional contraction at the juncture between the apical dome and the cell body. The cell cylinder distal to the tip expands slightly over time, but only around the circumference. These data for surface expansion in the legume root hair provide new insight into the mechanism of tip growth and the morphogenesis of the root hair.

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Section: Root Hair Growthmentioning

confidence: 78%

Section: Surface Expansion At the Growing Tipmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Cell Surface Expansion in Polarly Growing Root Hairs ofMedicago truncatula

2000

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“…Root hairs and pollen tubes are tip-growing plant cells. Since cell elongation is local and abundant in these cells, tip growth requires the establishment of a narrow growth site at the plasma membrane and the continuous and abundant targeting of Golgi-derived vesicles to this site and their fusion with the plasma membrane (Miller et al, 1997;Yang, 1998;Cole and Fowler, 2006;Emons and Ketelaar, 2009;Ž árský et al, 2009). The essential function of the exocyst in tip growth in plants has already been demonstrated by genetic studies, although the exact role of the exocyst has not been elucidated yet.…”

Section: Functions Of Exo70 Genes In Tip Growthmentioning

confidence: 99%

Expression and Functional Analyses ofEXO70Genes in Arabidopsis Implicate Their Roles in Regulating Cell Type-Specific Exocytosis

Ren

et al. 2010

Plant Physiology

107

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During exocytosis, Golgi-derived vesicles are tethered to the target plasma membrane by a conserved octameric complex called the exocyst. In contrast to a single gene in yeast and most animals, plants have greatly increased number of EXO70 genes in their genomes, with functions very much unknown. Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reactions were performed on all 23 EXO70 genes in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) to examine their expression at the organ level. Cell-level expression analyses were performed using transgenic plants carrying β-glucuronidase reporter constructs, showing that EXO70 genes are primarily expressed in potential exocytosis-active cells such as tip-growing and elongating cells, developing xylem elements, and guard cells, whereas no expression was observed in cells of mature organs such as well-developed leaves, stems, sepals, and petals. Six EXO70 genes are expressed in distinct but partially overlapping stages during microspore development and pollen germination. A mutation in one of these genes, EXO70C1 (At5g13150), led to retarded pollen tube growth and compromised male transmission. This study implies that multiplications of EXO70 genes may allow plants to acquire cell type- and/or cargo-specific regulatory machinery for exocytosis.

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Actin cytoskeleton in plants: From transport networks to signaling networks

Volkmann

Baluška

1999

Microsc. Res. Tech.

144

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The plant actin cytoskeleton is characterized by a high diversity in regard to gene families, isoforms, and degree of polymerization. In addition to the most abundant F‐actin assemblies like filaments and their bundles, G‐actin obviously assembles in the form of actin oligomers composed of a few actin molecules which can be extensively cross‐linked into complex dynamic meshworks. The role of the actomyosin complex as a force generating system — based on principles operating as in muscle cells — is clearly established for long‐range mass transport in large algal cells and specialized cell types of higher plants. Extended F‐actin networks, mainly composed of F‐actin bundles, are the structural basis for this cytoplasmic streaming of high velocities On the other hand, evidence is accumulating that delicate meshworks built of short F‐actin oligomers are critical for events occurring at the plasma membrane, e.g., actin interventions into activities of ion channels and hormone carriers, signaling pathways based on phospholipids, and exo‐ and endocytotic processes. These unique F‐actin arrays, constructed by polymerization‐depolymerization processes propelled via synergistic actions of actin‐binding proteins such as profilin and actin depolymerizing factor (ADF)/cofilin are supposed to be engaged in diverse aspects of plant morphogenesis. Finally, rapid rearrangements of F‐actin meshworks interconnecting endocellular membranes turn out to be especially important for perception‐signaling purposes of plant cells, e.g., in association with guard cell movements, mechano‐ and gravity‐sensing, plant host–pathogen interactions, and wound‐healing. Microsc. Res. Tech. 47:135–154, 1999. © 1999 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.

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Review article. From signal to form: aspects of the cytoskeleton-plasma membrane-cell wall continuum in root hair tips

Cited by 58 publications

References 0 publications

Cell Surface Expansion in Polarly Growing Root Hairs ofMedicago truncatula

Cell Surface Expansion in Polarly Growing Root Hairs ofMedicago truncatula

Expression and Functional Analyses ofEXO70Genes in Arabidopsis Implicate Their Roles in Regulating Cell Type-Specific Exocytosis

Actin cytoskeleton in plants: From transport networks to signaling networks

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