Review and Updates on the Diagnosis of Tuberculosis

Huang, Yi Hsiang; Lin, Aiming; Wang, Xiaochen; Sun, Ziyong; Wang, Feng

doi:10.3390/jcm11195826

Cited by 28 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 109 publications

(120 reference statements)

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“…Worldwide, the most commonly used molecular test for the diagnosis of TB is Xpert MTB/RIF, approved by the World Health Organization in 2013. When performed directly in specimens, it can detect the DNA of the MT complex in biopsies and the rifampicin (RIF) resistance conferred by the rpoB gene mutation detected by nested real-time PCR within 2 h. This test is generally available in less than 24 h[ 3 , 9 ]. Thus, over the last decade, these molecular tests have played an essential role in controlling TB[ 3 ].…”

Section: Genxpert Mt or Xpert Mtb/rif Assaymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The most common site of TB is the lungs; however, in approximately 12.5% of cases, it can affect other sites (extrapulmonary TB), with abdominal localization in 11%-16%[ 2 ]. The diagnosis of extrapulmonary TB can be very challenging because the usual method based on the detection of MT is insufficiently sensitive, and other tools based on immune responses cannot always differentiate a latent infection from an active disease[ 3 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Cheesy material on macroscopic on-site evaluation after endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine-needle biopsy: Don't miss the tuberculosis

Delsa¹,

Bellahammou²,

Okasha³

et al. 2023

World J Clin Cases

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Endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine-needle biopsy (EUS-FNB) is an excellent investigation to diagnose pancreatic lesions and has shown high accuracy for its use in pathologic diagnosis. Recently, macroscopic on-site evaluation (MOSE) performed by an endoscopist was introduced as an alternative to rapid on-site cytologic evaluation to increase the diagnostic yield of EUS-FNB. The MOSE of the biopsy can estimate the adequacy of the sample directly by the macroscopic evaluation of the core tissue obtained from EUS-FNB. Isolated pancreatic tuberculosis is extremely rare and difficult to diagnose because of its non-specific signs and symptoms. Therefore, this challenging diagnosis is based on endoscopy, imaging, and the bacteriological and histological examination of tissue biopsies. This uncommon presentation of tuberculosis can be revealed as pancreatic mass mimicking cancer. EUS-FNB can be very useful in providing a valuable histopathological diagnosis. A calcified lesion with a cheesy core in MOSE must be suggestive of tuberculosis, leading to the request of the GeneXpert, which can detect Mycobacterium tuberculosis deoxyribonucleic acid and resistance to rifampicin. A decent diagnostic strategy is crucial to prevent unnecessary surgical resection and to supply conservative management with antitubercular therapy.

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Section: Genxpert Mt or Xpert Mtb/rif Assaymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cheesy material on macroscopic on-site evaluation after endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine-needle biopsy: Don't miss the tuberculosis

Delsa¹,

Bellahammou²,

Okasha³

et al. 2023

World J Clin Cases

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“…Early identification of ATB patients and implementation of preventive measures to halt LTBI progression into ATB represent critical measures for controlling and eliminating TB [ 5 ]. However, the absence of specific biomarkers to identify LTBI subpopulations at risk of ATB progression remains a major challenge in TB prevention [ 6 ]. Thus, there is an urgent need to develop advanced molecular tools for TB risk stratification.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Predicting the Progress of Tuberculosis by Inflammatory Response-Related Genes Based on Multiple Machine Learning Comprehensive Analysis

Peng

Duan

et al. 2023

Journal of Immunology Research

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Background. Tuberculosis (TB), caused by the bacterium Mycobacterium tuberculosis, affects approximately one-quarter of the global population and is considered one of the most lethal infectious diseases worldwide. The prevention of latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) from progressing into active tuberculosis (ATB) is crucial for controlling and eradicating TB. Unfortunately, currently available biomarkers have limited effectiveness in identifying subpopulations that are at risk of developing ATB. Hence, it is imperative to develop advanced molecular tools for TB risk stratification. Methods. The TB datasets were downloaded from the GEO database. Three machine learning models, namely LASSO, RF, and SVM-RFE, were used to identify the key characteristic genes related to inflammation during the progression of LTBI to ATB. The expression and diagnostic accuracy of these characteristic genes were subsequently verified. These genes were then used to develop diagnostic nomograms. In addition, single-cell expression clustering analysis, immune cell expression clustering analysis, GSVA analysis, immune cell correlation, and immune checkpoint correlation of characteristic genes were conducted. Furthermore, the upstream shared miRNA was predicted, and a miRNA–genes network was constructed. Candidate drugs were also analyzed and predicted. Results. In comparison to LTBI, a total of 96 upregulated and 26 downregulated genes related to the inflammatory response were identified in ATB. These characteristic genes have demonstrated excellent diagnostic performance and significant correlation with many immune cells and immune sites. The results of the miRNA–genes network analysis suggested a potential role of hsa-miR-3163 in the molecular mechanism of LTBI progressing into ATB. Moreover, retinoic acid may offer a potential avenue for the prevention of LTBI progression to ATB and for the treatment of ATB. Conclusion. Our research has identified key inflammatory response-related genes that are characteristic of LTBI progression to ATB and hsa-miR-3163 as a significant node in the molecular mechanism of this progression. Our analyses have demonstrated the excellent diagnostic performance of these characteristic genes and their significant correlation with many immune cells and immune checkpoints. The CD274 immune checkpoint presents a promising target for the prevention and treatment of ATB. Furthermore, our findings suggest that retinoic acid may have a role in preventing LTBI from progressing to ATB and in treating ATB. This study provides a new perspective for differential diagnosis of LTBI and ATB and may uncover potential inflammatory immune mechanisms, biomarkers, therapeutic targets, and effective drugs in the progression of LTBI into ATB.

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“…Tuberculosis (TB) is a pressing global public health issue, contributing significantly to both morbidity and mortality. Prior to the emergence of the COVID-19 pandemic, TB held a more prominent position than HIV/AIDS in terms of its impact on mortality [1], resulting in about 1.3 million annual fatalities and 10 million new cases in 2018, with over half occurring in developing nations [2]. While the prevalence and mortality of pulmonary TB has decreased globally due to anti-tuberculosis drugs and socio-economic improvements, the opposite trend has occurred with extra-pulmonary TB [3].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rare Onset of Tubercular Peritonitis Amidst Chronic Renal Dysfunction

Popa,

Georgescu,

Caragea

et al. 2023

Reports

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Tuberculosis Peritonitis is a serious condition, whose diagnosis is established late due to the nonspecific nature of the clinical features, which delays the performance of imaging investigations and, implicitly, the setting of the diagnosis through biopsy and histopathological examination. We report the case of a 49-year-old man who presented in our clinic with nonspecific symptoms and significant nitrogen retention, with ascites fluid detected during the clinical–paraclinical examination, ultimately confirming the diagnosis of bacillary peritonitis. Confirmation of tuberculous etiology through biopsy and/or bacteriological examination is sovereign for the diagnosis. The therapeutic protocol includes three anti-tuberculostatic drugs, for a period of at least 6 months, with or without the combination of corticosteroid therapy during the first months of treatment. The patient evolution under treatment was initially favorable, but due to peritoneal adhesions, it underwent complications later.

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Review and Updates on the Diagnosis of Tuberculosis

Cited by 28 publications

References 109 publications

Cheesy material on macroscopic on-site evaluation after endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine-needle biopsy: Don't miss the tuberculosis

Cheesy material on macroscopic on-site evaluation after endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine-needle biopsy: Don't miss the tuberculosis

Predicting the Progress of Tuberculosis by Inflammatory Response-Related Genes Based on Multiple Machine Learning Comprehensive Analysis

Rare Onset of Tubercular Peritonitis Amidst Chronic Renal Dysfunction

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