Review and update of the applications of organic petrology: Part 1, geological applications

Suárez‐Ruíz, Isabel; Flores, Deolinda; Filho, João Graciano Mendonça; Hackley, Paul C.

doi:10.1016/j.coal.2012.02.004

Cited by 248 publications

(89 citation statements)

References 473 publications

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“…inTrODUcTiOn Several factors contribute to the generation of hydrocarbons in potential source rocks including the amount and type of organic material and temperature integrated over time (Hunt, 1979). This study focuses on one aspect: the assessment of thermal maturity which is defined as the extent to which temperature has affected organic matter during a rock's geologic history (Dow, 1977;Taylor et al, 1998;Suárez-Ruiz et al, 2012). Temperature is an imperative attribute as it is the main kinetic control influencing the onset of hydrocarbon generation, and, depending on the type of organic material, progressively higher temperatures influence when oil and wet and dry gas are generated (Dow, 1977;Taylor et al, 1998;Suárez-Ruiz et al, 2012).…”

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confidence: 99%

Assessment of Thermal Maturity Trends in Devonian–Mississippian Source Rocks Using Raman Spectroscopy: Limitations of Peak-Fitting Method

et al. 2017

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The thermal maturity of shale is often measured by vitrinite reflectance (VRo). VRo measurements for the Devonian-Mississippian black shale source rocks evaluated herein predicted thermal immaturity in areas where associated reservoir rocks are oil-producing. This limitation of the VRo method led to the current evaluation of Raman spectroscopy as a suitable alternative for developing correlations between thermal maturity and Raman spectra. In this study, Raman spectra of Devonian-Mississippian black shale source rocks were regressed against measured VRo or sample-depth. Attempts were made to develop quantitative correlations of thermal maturity. Using sample-depth as a proxy for thermal maturity is not without limitations as thermal maturity as a function of depth depends on thermal gradient, which can vary through time, subsidence rate, uplift, lack of uplift, and faulting. Correlations between Raman data and vitrinite reflectance or sample-depth were quantified by peak-fitting the spectra. Various peak-fitting procedures were evaluated to determine the effects of the number of peaks and maximum peak widths on correlations between spectral metrics and thermal maturity. Correlations between D-frequency, G-band full width at half maximum (FWHM), and band separation between the G-and D-peaks and thermal maturity provided some degree of linearity throughout most peak-fitting assessments; however, these correlations and those calculated from the G-frequency, D/G FWHM ratio, and D/G peak area ratio also revealed a strong dependence on peak-fitting processes. This dependency on spectral analysis techniques raises questions about the validity of peak-fitting, particularly given the amount of subjective analyst involvement necessary to reconstruct spectra. This research shows how user interpretation and extrapolation affected the comparability of different samples, the accuracy of generated trends, and therefore, the potential of the Raman spectral method to become an industry benchmark as a thermal maturity probe. A Raman method devoid of extensive operator interaction and data manipulation is quintessential for creating a standard method.

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Assessment of Thermal Maturity Trends in Devonian–Mississippian Source Rocks Using Raman Spectroscopy: Limitations of Peak-Fitting Method

et al. 2017

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“…Lignites were manually separated into matrix, char coal, mineral-rich coal, dopplerite coal (a black very brittle type of coal made of humic gel; Taylor et al 1998;Feller et al 2010 -Ruiz et al 2012), four different sublithotypes of xylitic coal (pale yellow, dark yellow, brown and black; Fig. 3) and mineral matter under the stereo microscope.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Petrographic and biomarker analysis of xylite-rich coal from the Kolubara and Kostolac lignite basins (Pannonian Basin, Serbia)

Đoković¹,

Mitrović²,

Životić³

et al. 2018

Geologica Carpathica

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Abstract:The maceral and biomarker characteristics of 4 sublithotypes of xylite-rich coal (SXCs), pale yellow, dark yellow, brown and black, originating from the Kolubara and Kostolac lignite basins were determined. Based on these results, differences in sources and changes of organic matter (OM) resulting in formation of 4 SXCs were established. Conifers (particularly Cupressaceae, Taxodiaceae and Pinacea) had a significant impact on the precursor OM of all SXCs. The contribution of gymnosperm vs. angiosperm vegetation decreased in order pale yellow SXC > dark yellow SXC > brown SXC > black SXC. The distribution of non-hopanoid triterpenoids indicates that change of SXC colour from yellow to black is associated with reduced input of angiosperm plants from the Betulacea family. Differences in hopane distribution, bitumen content, proportion of short-chain n-alkanes and degree of aromatization of di-and triterpenoids of pale yellow SXC are controlled by microbial communities which took part in the diagenetic alteration of OM. The content of total huminites increased from black to pale yellow SXC, whereas contents of total liptinite and inertinite macerals showed the opposite trend. SXCs differ according to textinite/ulminite ratio, which sharply decreased from pale yellow to black SXC, reflecting increase in gelification of woody tissue. Regarding the composition of liptinite macerals, the SXCs mostly differ according to resinite/liptodetrinite and resinite/suberinite ratios, which are higher in yellow than in brown and black SXC. This result along with values of TOC/N ratio and Carbon Preference Index indicate that the contribution of well preserved woody material, including lignin tissue vs. the impact of epicuticular waxes decreased from yellow to black SXC.

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“…They developed indices and diagrams to explain the conditions during peat formation. There are several indices and diagrams based on maceral ratios (see Suárez-Ruiz et al, 2012). In this study, among these indices and diagrams, the TPI and GI of Diessel (1986) and the ABC ternary diagram of Mukhopadhyay (1989) are applied to the coal samples.…”

Section: Coal Facies Indices and Depositional Conditionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Petrography and palynology of Late Oligocene and Middle Miocene coals in the Gelibolu peninsula, NW Turkey

Demirtaş¹,

Bozcu²,

Koşun³

et al. 2015

Turkish J Earth Sci

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However, all of them have focused on the geology of the coal-bearing strata and there is no study regarding the coal petrographic and palynological properties of these coals.The aim of this paper is to determine the maceral and palynological composition of the two different coal-bearing formations, which are the Late Oligocene Osmancık and Middle Miocene Gazhanedere (Figures 1 and 2). We also aim to determine the depositional conditions of the coals using coal petrography, including maceral ratios, by the contribution of sedimentological, palynological, and paleontological evidence.Petrographic indices and diagrams, using maceral ratios, were widely applied to the coal samples in order to determine the depositional conditions of peat accumulation (e.g.

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Review and update of the applications of organic petrology: Part 1, geological applications

Cited by 248 publications

References 473 publications

Assessment of Thermal Maturity Trends in Devonian–Mississippian Source Rocks Using Raman Spectroscopy: Limitations of Peak-Fitting Method

Assessment of Thermal Maturity Trends in Devonian–Mississippian Source Rocks Using Raman Spectroscopy: Limitations of Peak-Fitting Method

Petrographic and biomarker analysis of xylite-rich coal from the Kolubara and Kostolac lignite basins (Pannonian Basin, Serbia)

Petrography and palynology of Late Oligocene and Middle Miocene coals in the Gelibolu peninsula, NW Turkey

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