Review and revision of Cenozoic tropical planktonic foraminiferal biostratigraphy and calibration to the geomagnetic polarity and astronomical time scale

Abstract

a b s t r a c t a r t i c l e i n f oPlanktonic foraminifera are widely utilized for the biostratigraphy of Cretaceous and Cenozoic marine sediments and are a fundamental component of Cenozoic chronostratigraphy. The recent enhancements in deep sea drilling recovery, multiple coring and high resolution sampling both offshore and onshore, has improved the planktonic foraminiferal calibrations to magnetostratigraphy and/or modified species ranges. This accumulated new information has allowed many of the planktonic foraminiferal bioevents of the Cenozoic to be revised and the planktonic foraminiferal calibrations to be reassessed. We incorporate these developments and amendments into the existing biostratigraphic zonal scheme. In this paper we present an amended low-latitude (tropical and subtropical) Cenozoic planktonic foraminiferal zonation. We compile 187 revised calibrations of planktonic foraminiferal bioevents from multiple sources for the Cenozoic and have incorporated these recalibrations into a revised Cenozoic planktonic foraminiferal biochronology. We review and synthesize these calibrations to both the geomagnetic polarity time scale (GPTS) of the Cenozoic and astronomical time scale (ATS) of the Neogene and late Paleogene. On the whole, these recalibrations are consistent with the previous work; however, in some cases, they have led to major adjustments to the duration of biochrons. Recalibrations of the early-middle Eocene first appearance datums of Globigerinatheka kugleri, Hantkenina singanoae, Guembelitrioides nuttalli and Turborotalia frontosa have resulted in large changes in the durations of Biochrons E7, E8 and E9. We have introduced (upper Oligocene) Zone O7 utilizing the biostratigraphic utility of 'Paragloborotalia' pseudokugleri. For the Neogene Period, major revisions are applied to the fohsellid lineage of the middle Miocene and we have modified the criteria for recognition of Zones M7, M8 and M9, with additional adjustments regarding the Globigerinatella lineage to Zones M2 and M3. The revised and recalibrated datums provide a major advance in biochronologic resolution and a template for future progress of the Cenozoic time scale.Crown Copyright © 2010 Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Earth-Science Reviews j o u r n a l h o m e p a g e : w w w. e l s ev i e r. c o m / l o c a t e / e a r s c i r ev 2.3.2.

Timing of Langhian bioevents in the Carpathian Foredeep and northern Pannonian Basin in relation to oceanographic, tectonic and climatic processes

“…For the rea sons de scribed above, we pre fer use of the Medi ter ra nean bioevent dat ing for cal i bra tion of magnetostratigraphical chrons de tected by Hohenegger et al (2009a). The FO of P. glomerosa in the world ocean dated at 16.4-16.1 Ma (Wade et al, 2011) cor re sponds to C5Cn.1n chron (16.29-15.97 Ma;Gradstein et al, 2012). If the nor mal po lar ity chron with the FO of P. glomerosa in the Styrian Ba sin (Hohenegger et al, 2009a) is cor re lated with the Med i ter ra nean da tum of the FO of the same taxon (15.2-15.1 Ma; di Stefano et al, 2008Gradstein et al, 2012) may be in ferred (Figs.…”

“…The tim ing of the praeorbulinas' first oc cur rences in the Med i ter ra nean re gion mark edly dif fers from those in the world oceans (Ab dul Azis et al, 2008;Wade et al, 2011;Gradstein et al, 2012;Fig. 3).…”

“…3 and 4). Sim i larly, the re verse po lar ity chron with the FO of P. sicana can be in ter preted am big u ously based on a heterochronous tim ing of the FO of P. sicana in the world oceans (16.97 Ma based on Gradstein et al, 2012 or 16.4 Ma from Wade et al, 2011) and in the Med i ter ra nean (16.177 Ma; Iaccarino et al, 2011;Turco et al, 2011). If the Med i ter ra nean age is ac cepted, the spe cies would ap pear in the Cen tral Paratethys in the ear li est Langhian C5Br Chron (15.974-15.16 Ma) rather than in the lat est Burdigalian Chron C5Cn.1r (16.3 Ma; Gradstein et al, 2012;Figs.…”

Enhanced primary productivity and magnetotactic bacterial production in response to middle Eocene warming in the Neo-Tethys Ocean

“…Numerical ages (1) are from Cande and Kent (1995) (star) and Ogg (2012) (diamond). Biostratigraphy is based on the planktonic foraminiferal Zones of (2) Berggren et al (1995) and (3) Wade et al (2011) and calcareous nannoplankton Zones of (4) Martini (1971) and (5) Okada and Bukry (1980). The areas shaded in yellow, dark yellow and green highlight the intervals (2-4) that represent the MECO, MECO warming peak and the post-MECO periods.…”

“…Additionally, identification of the HO of O. beckmanni is hampered by its scarce abundance, moderate preservation of planktic (P) and benthic (B) foraminifera and some problematic specimen identifications up to 66.60 msl. Nevertheless, the MCA biostratigraphic record in the 58-72 msl interval is likely continuous and is interpreted to span planktonic foraminiferal Zones P12 to P14 of Berggren et al (1995) and Zones E11 to E13 of Wade et al (2011), and calcareous nannofossil Zones NP16 to NP17 of Martini (1971) and CP14a to CP14b of Okada and Bukry (1980).…”