“…To date, various materials including polyanionic compounds [2][3][4][5], layered [6] and spinel [7] metal oxides have been prepared as the substitute for LiCoO 2 . Among these materials, LiFePO 4 [8,9] and LiMn 2 O 4 [10,11] have been well studied and used in some commercial cells, but the low theoretical specific capacity (LiFePO 4 : 170 mAh g -1 ; LiMn 2 O 4 : 148 mAh g -1 ) limits their application.…”