Review and Meta-analysis of HIV Prevention Intervention Research for Heterosexual Adult Populations in the United States

Neumann, Mary Spink; Johnson, Wayne D.; Semaan, Salaam; Flores, Stephen A.; Peersman, Greet; Hedges, Larry V.; Sogolow, Ellen

doi:10.1097/00042560-200207011-00010

Cited by 88 publications

(36 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…Men who entered the cohort during the initial recruitment completed an average of 5.2 interviews (SD 2.5; range [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8] and those who were part of the refresher cohort, an average of 2.8 (SD 1.4, range 1-4). Excluding individuals who had died or had moved away from New York City, at the eighth wave of interviews in 2002, 54% of MSW continued as active participants in the study.…”

Section: -30mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, the vast majority of research that addresses heterosexual transmission has focused on women rather than male sexual decision making and sexual behaviors that put women at risk. [2][3][4][5] Understanding patterns of sexual behavior and sexual relationships among HIV-positive men who have sex with women is essential to inform the design and implementation of targeted prevention and risk reduction programs to address heterosexual transmission, as well as to provide appropriate care to men living with HIV/AIDS. However, existing research has limitations.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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HIV-Positive Men Sexually Active with Women: Sexual Behaviors and Sexual Risks

Aidala

Lee

Howard³

et al. 2006

J Urban Health

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This study examines patterns of sexual behavior, sexual relating, and sexual risk among HIV-positive men sexually active with women. A total of 278 HIV-positive men were interviewed every 6-12 months between 1994 and 2002 and reported considerable variability in sexual behaviors over time. Many were not sexually active at all for months at a time; many continued to have multiple female and at times male partners. Over one-third of the cohort had one or more periods when they had engaged in unprotected sex with a female partner who was HIV-negative or status unknown (unsafe sex). Periods of unsafe sex alternated with periods of safer sex. Contextual factors such as partner relations, housing status, active drug use, and recently exchanging sex showed the strongest association with increased odds of unsafe sex. A number of predictors of unsafe sex among African American men were not significant among the Latino sub-population, suggesting race/ethnic differences in factors contributing to heterosexual transmission. Implications for prevention interventions are discussed.

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Section: -30mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

HIV-Positive Men Sexually Active with Women: Sexual Behaviors and Sexual Risks

Aidala

Lee

Howard³

et al. 2006

J Urban Health

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“…Keywords mass media campaign; public service announcement; safer sex HIV prevention intervention research over the past 15 years has begun to show impressive results. A number of studies have shown delay of onset of sexual initiation (e.g., Coyle, Kirby, Marin, Gómez, & Gregorish, 2004), whereas other programs have led to significant increases in condom use in populations including heterosexually active individuals (see Johnson, Carey, Marsh, Levin, & Scott-Sheldon, 2003;Neumann et al, 2002, for reviews). However, most of these interventions have been implemented in small-group (e.g., Belza et al, 2001), school (e.g., Blake et al, 2003;Gallant & Maticka-Tyndale, 2004), or individuallevel clinical settings (e.g., Morrison-Beedy & Lewis, 2001).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of a Televised Two-City Safer Sex Mass Media Campaign Targeting High-Sensation-Seeking and Impulsive-Decision-Making Young Adults

et al. 2007

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This study evaluates the ability of a safer sex televised public service announcement (PSA) campaign to increase safer sexual behavior among at-risk young adults. Independent, monthly random samples of 100 individuals were surveyed in each city for 21 months as part of an interrupted-time-series design with a control community. The 3-month high-audience-saturation campaign took place in Lexington, KY, with Knoxville, TN, as a comparison city. Messages were especially designed and selected for the target audience (those above the median on a composite sensation-seeking/impulsive-decision-making scale). Data indicate high campaign exposure among the target audience, with 85%-96% reporting viewing one or more PSAs. Analyses indicate significant 5-month increases in condom use, condom-use self-efficacy, and behavioral intentions among the target group in the campaign city with no changes in the comparison city. The results suggest that a carefully targeted, intensive mass media campaign using televised PSAs can change safer sexual behaviors. Keywords mass media campaign; public service announcement; safer sex HIV prevention intervention research over the past 15 years has begun to show impressive results. A number of studies have shown delay of onset of sexual initiation (e.g., Coyle, Kirby, Marin, Gómez, & Gregorish, 2004), whereas other programs have led to significant increases in condom use in populations including heterosexually active individuals (see Johnson, Carey, Marsh, Levin, & Scott-Sheldon, 2003;Neumann et al., 2002, for reviews). However, most of these interventions have been implemented in small-group (e.g., Belza et al., 2001), school (e.g., Blake et al., 2003;Gallant & Maticka-Tyndale, 2004), or individuallevel clinical settings (e.g., Morrison-Beedy & Lewis, 2001). Mass media campaigns, such as televised public service announcement (PSA) campaigns, have recently been shown to be highly effective in changing a variety of behaviors (Hornik, 2002;Noar, 2006) 2001). For a number of reasons, however, the full potential of these types of media campaigns in the HIV prevention area has not yet been realized (Dejong, Wolf, & Austin, 2001;Myhre & Flora, 2000). In fact, campaigns focused on safer sexual behavior to date have tended to yield modest campaign effects (Snyder & Hamilton, 2002). Thus, we raise the following question: Can a televised PSA campaign based on formative research and sophisticated targeting principles change safer sexual beliefs and behaviors in at-risk young adults? The current study is a rigorous evaluation of a two-city, televised safer sex mass media campaign targeted toward increasing safer sex in young adults who are high sensation seekers and impulsive decision makers. HHS Public Access MASS MEDIA CAMPAIGNSAs noted by Randolph and Viswanath (2004), "Mass media campaigns to promote healthy behaviors and discourage unhealthy behaviors have become a major tool of public health practitioners in their efforts to improve the health of the public" (p. 419). Although the early h...

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“…Consequently, reviewers may be limited to relating effectiveness to the settings in which interventions occur (e.g., worksite interventions, Proper et al, 2003) rather than their content. Unsurprisingly, reviewers have continued to call for more precise, standardized descriptions of intervention content (e.g., Neumann et al, 2002;Semaan et al, 2002).…”

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confidence: 99%

A taxonomy of behavior change techniques used in interventions.

2008

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Objective: Without standardized definitions of the techniques included in behavior change interventions it is difficult to faithfully replicate effective interventions and challenging to identify techniques contributing to effectiveness across interventions. This research aimed to develop and test a theory-linked taxonomy of generally-applicable behavior change techniques (BCTs).Design: Twenty six BCTs were defined. Two psychologists used a five-page coding manual to independently judge the presence or absence of each technique in published intervention descriptions and in intervention manuals.Results: Three systematic reviews yielded 195 published descriptions. Across 78 reliability tests (i.e., 26 techniques applied to 3 reviews), the average Kappa per technique was 0.79 with 93% of judgments being agreements. Interventions were found to vary widely in the range and type of techniques employed, even when targeting the same behavior among similar participants. The average agreement for intervention manuals was 85% and a comparison of BCTs identified in 13 manuals and 13 published articles describing the same interventions generated a technique correspondence rate of 74% with most mismatches (73%) arising from identification of a technique in the manual but not in the article. For example, a reviewer might observe that some interventions employ goal setting alone while others combine goal setting with self-monitoring and feedback (as might be suggested by control theory; Carver & Scheier, 1982). If the latter group were found to be consistently more effective than the former this would indicate that the combination of these three techniques (rather then goal setting alone) was critical to effectiveness. Unfortunately, categorization of intervention content is problematic because a standardized vocabulary which defines intervention components has not been developed. Consequently, different reviewers use different approaches to categorizing intervention content (cf. Albarracín, Gillete, Earl, Glasman & Durantini, 2005;. This may mean that particular techniques or content characteristics which distinguish between interventions remain unidentified. If such "unseen" content differences are associated with effectiveness then researchers will remain unaware of how intervention content determines effectiveness, thereby impeding the design of optimally effective interventions. ConclusionsMeta-analysis has demonstrated that inclusion of particular intervention techniques is associated with to effectiveness. For example, Albarracín et al. (2005) showed that 10 distinct techniques (e.g., provision of factual information, attitudinal arguments and normative arguments) could be reliably identified in published descriptions of interventions designed to promote condom use. These reviewers identified which techniques were associated with effectiveness and how technique effectiveness was moderated by the recipients. For example, provision of normative arguments was found to be associated with effectiveness for audiences u...

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Review and Meta-analysis of HIV Prevention Intervention Research for Heterosexual Adult Populations in the United States

Cited by 88 publications

References 34 publications

HIV-Positive Men Sexually Active with Women: Sexual Behaviors and Sexual Risks

HIV-Positive Men Sexually Active with Women: Sexual Behaviors and Sexual Risks

Effects of a Televised Two-City Safer Sex Mass Media Campaign Targeting High-Sensation-Seeking and Impulsive-Decision-Making Young Adults

A taxonomy of behavior change techniques used in interventions.

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