Review and extension of normal force models for the Discrete Element Method

Kruggel‐Emden, Harald; Simsek, Erdem; Rickelt, Stefan; Wirtz, S.; Scherer, Viktor

doi:10.1016/j.powtec.2006.10.004

Cited by 424 publications

(225 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…This is an essential parameter which is needed to describe the energy absorption and damping force in numerical discrete modelling of particles [50,61,74,86]. The restitution coefficient is used in the field of granular matter and fluidized grains, more known as "granular gas" [22,73], to model the inelastic behaviour of grains; see models of plane flows of circular disks [37], inelastic particles in a general flow field [62].…”

Section: Measurement Of the Restitution Coefficient Of A Granulementioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the last ten-fifteen years, these methods found many applications in the mechanics of bulk materials, i.e. flow behaviour and discharge of silos [8,49,50], filling and packing [111], shearing [25,35,47,61,103], heap formation [13,36,65], bed configuration and loading conditions in fall mills [63,69,105], compression behaviour [68,78], mixing and transportation [12,27,44,52,54,107], fluidised bed processes [31,40,41,58,66,90,102,104,110,112], heat exchange processes [41,50].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Energy absorption during compression and impact of dry elastic-plastic spherical granules

et al. 2010

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The discrete modelling and understanding of the particle dynamics in fluidized bed apparatuses, mixers, mills and others are based on the knowledge about the physical properties of particles and their mechanical behaviour during slow, fast and repeated stressing. In this paper model parameters (modulus of elasticity, stiffness, yield pressure, restitution coefficient and strength) of spherical granules ( γ -Al 2 O 3 , zeolites 4A and 13X, sodium benzoate) with different mechanical behaviour have been measured by single particle compression and impact tests. Starting with the elastic compression behaviour of granules as described by Hertz theory, a new contact model was developed to describe the force-displacement behaviour of elastic-plastic granules. The aim of this work is to understand the energy absorption during compression (slow stressing velocity of 0.02 mm/s) and impact (the impact velocity of 0.5-4.5 m/s) of granules. For all examined granules the estimated energy absorption during the impact is found to be far lower than that during compression. Moreover, the measured restitution coefficient is independent of the impact velocity in the examined range and independent of the load intensity by compression (i.e. maximum compressive load). In the case of repeated loading with a constant load amplitude, the granules show cyclic hardening with increasing restitution coefficient up to a certain saturation in the plastic deformation. A model was proposed to describe the increase of the contact stiffness with the number of cycles. When the load amplitude is subsequently increased, further plastic deformation takes place and the restitution coefficient strongly decreases.

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Section: Measurement Of the Restitution Coefficient Of A Granulementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Energy absorption during compression and impact of dry elastic-plastic spherical granules

et al. 2010

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“…This formulation computes contact forces by penalizing small interpenetrations of colliding rigid bodies. Various contact force models can be used depending on the application (Mindlin and Deresiewicz, 1953;Kruggel-Emden et al, 2007).…”

Section: Chrono::enginementioning

confidence: 99%

CHRONO: a parallel multi-physics library for rigid-body, flexible-body, and fluid dynamics

et al. 2013

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Abstract. The last decade witnessed a manifest shift in the microprocessor industry towards chip designs that promote parallel computing. Until recently the privilege of a select group of large research centers, Teraflop computing is becoming a commodity owing to inexpensive GPU cards and multi to many-core x86 processors. This paradigm shift towards large scale parallel computing has been leveraged in Chrono, a freely available C++ multi-physics simulation package. Chrono is made up of a collection of loosely coupled components that facilitate different aspects of multi-physics modeling, simulation, and visualization. This contribution provides an overview of Chrono::Engine, Chrono::Flex, Chrono::Fluid, and Chrono::Render, which are modules that can capitalize on the processing power of hundreds of parallel processors. Problems that can be tackled in Chrono include but are not limited to granular material dynamics, tangled large flexible structures with self contact, particulate flows, and tracked vehicle mobility. The paper presents an overview of each of these modules and illustrates through several examples the potential of this multi-physics library.

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“…Note that these expressions satisfy Newton's third law, f q p = − f pq , since q p = − pq and the contact stiffness and damping matrices are symmetrical. The normal and tangential viscous damping coefficients, d n and d t , can also be expressed in terms of normal and tangential coefficients of restitution [Wu et al 2003;Kruggel-Emden et al 2007;Schwager and Pöschel 2007;Schwager et al 2008;O'Sullivan 2011].…”

Section: Micromechanicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Micromechanical study of dispersion and damping characteristics of granular materials

Kruyt

2012

J. Mech. Mater. Struct.

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The wave-propagation characteristics of dense granular materials have been studied from the micromechanical viewpoint, in which relationships are sought between properties at the micro-scale of particles and interparticle contacts and properties at the continuum, macro-scale. The dispersion and damping characteristics have been determined from a three-dimensional lattice analysis in which the particle interaction is modeled with linear elastic springs and linear viscous dashpots.Due the presence of rotational degrees of freedom of the particles, optical branches are observed in the dispersion and damping characteristics, besides the acoustical branches. The influence of the micromechanical characteristics on the macroscopic dispersion and damping characteristics has been determined for a face-centered cubic lattice and a body-centered cubic lattice. For small wave numbers (large wave lengths) the damping of the optical branches is very large. This means that the optical branches will not be observed in conditions where a continuum-mechanical description is appropriate.

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Review and extension of normal force models for the Discrete Element Method

Cited by 424 publications

References 32 publications

Energy absorption during compression and impact of dry elastic-plastic spherical granules

Energy absorption during compression and impact of dry elastic-plastic spherical granules

CHRONO: a parallel multi-physics library for rigid-body, flexible-body, and fluid dynamics

Micromechanical study of dispersion and damping characteristics of granular materials

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