Review and Evaluation of the J100‐10 Risk and Resilience Management Standard for Water and Wastewater Systems

Abstract

Risk analysis standards are often employed to protect critical infrastructures, which are vital to a nation's security, economy, and safety of its citizens. We present an analysis framework for evaluating such standards and apply it to the J100‐10 risk analysis standard for water and wastewater systems. In doing so, we identify gaps between practices recommended in the standard and the state of the art. While individual processes found within infrastructure risk analysis standards have been evaluated in the past, we present a foundational review and focus specifically on water systems. By highlighting both the conceptual shortcomings and practical limitations, we aim to prioritize the shortcomings needed to be addressed. Key findings from this study include (1) risk definitions fail to address notions of uncertainty, (2) the sole use of “worst reasonable case” assumptions can lead to mischaracterizations of risk, (3) analysis of risk and resilience at the threat‐asset resolution ignores dependencies within the system, and (4) stakeholder values need to be assessed when balancing the tradeoffs between risk reduction and resilience enhancement.

Multi‐objective optimization models for the renewal planning of multiple asset classes

“…The output from these models often specifies which assets to select, when to address them, and even the type of action to take (replace or repair) (Chen et al, 2019). Some examples that formulate and solve exact integer models include the following: inspection routing (Chen, Riley, et al, 2020; Chen, Washington, et al, 2020), replacement project selection (Chen et al, 2021), sewer rehabilitation (de Monsabert et al, 1999), as well as sensor placement (Berry et al, 2005). Since these models are convex, the globally optimal solution can be identified.…”

“…Risk assessments are useful in designing these programs because they provide a systematic process for quantifying vulnerability and ranking individual assets to guide the prioritization (American Water Works Association, 2010). For example, previous works have implemented analyses where every distribution main is ranked based on the future likelihood and consequence of failure, and asset management programs are designed to address the highest risk assets first (Chen, Riley, et al, 2020; Chen, Washington, et al, 2020). See other examples in Ganjidoost et al (2022), Vladeanu and Matthews (2019), Fontanazza et al (2015), and Puleo et al (2014) focusing on distribution mains, valves, and water meters.…”

Optimizing cluster selections for the replacement planning of water distribution systems

“…There are approximately 150,000 active systems (American Society of Civil Engineers, 2017) in the United States today, of which a majority were installed in the mid-20th century. Many of those utilities are challenged with operating and maintaining these aging systems with limited budgets and information (Chen, Riley, et al, 2020;Chen, Washington, et al, 2020). It is estimated that over 240,000 water mains breaks occur in the United States each year, accounting for over 14% of treated drinking water being lost during transmission (Yazdekhasti et al, 2020).…”

Groundwater Resilience Assessment in a Communal Coastal Aquifer System. The Case of Manglaralto in Santa Elena, Ecuador

“…Water resilience is explored from different approaches, such as the engineering aspect (functionality, vulnerability, and resistance of water infrastructure systems [23,[29][30][31]), the socio-ecological aspect (socio-ecological system capacity to face change and transform, creating solutions at the lowest cost and with the least environmental impact [32,33]), the ecological aspect (assessment of the ecological system's capacity to face stress [34,35]), the community capacity to face problems [36,37]), and the institutional aspect (institution or government capacity to manage, adapt to, and deal with threats related to hydric resources [38,39]). Finally, we can explore how education can help secure inclusive and resilient development around water resources, engaging students as the vector for knowledge transfer to secure water for society in a sustainable development context [40].…”