Review and enhancement of 3D concrete models for large‐scale numerical simulations of concrete structures

Abstract

The present paper focuses on selected plasticity and damage-plasticity models for describing the 3D material behavior of concrete. In particular, a plasticity model and a damage-plasticity model are reviewed and evaluated. Based on the results of the evaluation, enhancements are proposed, aiming at improving the correspondence between predicted and observed material behavior and aiming at implementing a robust and efficient stress update algorithm in a finite element program for performing large-scale 3D numerical simulations of concrete structures. The capabilities of the concrete models are demonstrated by 3D numerical simulations of benchmark tests with combined bending and torsional loading and combined compression and shear loading and by a large-scale 3D finite element analysis of a model test of a concrete arch dam. Copyright [14] modified the concrete model of Willam [5] to improve its robustness for the stress update. Haufe [15] enhanced the evolution equations of the yield function and the plastic potential of the concrete model developed by Kang [11]. Pivonka [16] extended two elastic-plastic models for describing concrete behavior due to high compressive stresses. Different from most classical plasticity models, Grassl [17] developed a model in which hardening is controlled only by the volumetric part of the plastic strains. Recently, a single-parameter plasticity model for concrete was presented by Papanikolaou [18].Viscoelastic and/or viscoplastic models were developed for describing time-dependent material behavior, e.g. aging and creep of concrete (see, e.g., [19,20]). Viscoplastic models can also serve for regularizing rate-independent plasticity models in case of softening behavior.Constitutive models based on the theory of damage mechanics describe the degradation of the initial elastic stiffness tensor caused by propagating micro-cracks. Basically, isotropic damage models and anisotropic damage models can be distinguished. Isotropic damage models for concrete can be found, e.g., in [21,22] and a comparative study of different definitions of damage variables is contained in [23]. Huber [24] proposed a three-dimensional gradient-enhanced isotropic damage model. Anisotropic damage models were proposed, e.g., in [25] and by Papa [26], who used two independent second-order symmetric damage tensors for describing damage due to tensile and compressive strains, respectively. Based on the argument that damage is not related to the loading sign but to the micro-crack pattern Desmorat [27] developed a nonlocal anisotropic damage model which contains only one second-order damage tensor. A comparison of different damage models with regard to mesh bias effects can be found in [28].By combining the theories of plasticity and continuum damage mechanics, both irreversible (plastic) strains and the degradation of the elastic stiffness tensor can be described. Constitutive models for concrete based on the combination of the theories of plasticity and isotropic damage mechanics can be found, e.g. in [29][30][31][...

Review on the design and application of concrete canvas reinforced with spacer fabric

“…CDP is a 3D constitutive model with isotropic hardening and isotropic softening, described on the basis of damage theory. 68 And the calculated data by these models can be entered into the FE software for further analysis. Furthermore, a numerical model based on nonlinear finite difference method has been proposed to simulate uniaxial tensile behavior of fabric-reinforced concrete.…”

A review of continuum damage and plasticity in concrete: Part I – Theoretical framework

“…The tensile single crack is identified by an elliptical cracking surface and the softening function is hyperbolic, with the orientation of the potential crack is determined by Mohr's theory. The extended Leon model and damage plasticity model (Grassl and Jira´sek, 2006a) are evaluated and improvements in these models are obtained with improved numerical implementation presented by Hofstetter (2013). The modified evolution laws for the damage variable shows the enhanced performance of the damage plastic model.…”

Three-dimensional elastoplastic damage concrete model by dissipation-based arc-length method

“…Various constitutive models of concrete based on different theories have been proposed in the past few decades; a good review can be seen in the articles of Desai (2015aDesai ( , 2015b and Hofstetter (2013). In the field of continuum damage mechanics, there are three categories in general: (1) elastic damage model (Mazars and Pijaudier-Cabot, 1989;Rabczuk et al, 2005), (2) elastic plastic model (Grassl et al, 2002), and (3) elastoplastic damage model (Faria et al, 1998;Ju, 1989;Fenves, 1998a, 2001;Lubliner et al, 1989;Saritas and Filippou, 2009;Simo and Hughes, 2000;Ju, 1987a, 1987b;Taqieddin et al, 2011; see Figure 1).…”