Numerical schemes derived from gas-kinetic theory can be applied to simulations in the hydrodynamics limit, in laminar and also turbulent regimes. In the latter case, the underlying Boltzmann equation describes a distribution of eddies, in line with the concept of eddy viscosity developed by Lord Kelvin and Osborne Reynolds at the end of the nineteenth century. These schemes are physically more consistent than schemes derived from the Navier-Stokes equations, which invariably assume infinite collisions between gas particles (or interactions between eddies) in the calculation of advective fluxes. In fact, in continuum regime too, the local Knudsen number can exceed the value 0.001 in shock layers, where gas-kinetic schemes outperform Navier-Stokes schemes, as is well known.Simulation of turbulent flows benefit from the application of gas-kinetic schemes, as the turbulent Knudsen number (the ratio between the eddies' mean free path and the mean flow scale) can locally reach values well in excess of 0.001, not only in shock layers. A further advantage of gaskinetic schemes is that the fluxes are accurate to τ 2 , for instance in the scheme developed in [19] for the finite-volume discretization. In laminar flow, this provides a better resolution of shocks and vortexes, whereas in turbulent flows, high-order fluxes allow for a better resolution of secondary flows in a manner comparable to higher-order turbulence models for the Navier-Stokes schemes.This study has investigated a few cases of shock -boundary layer interaction comparing a gas-kinetic scheme and a Navier-Stokes one, both with a standard k − ω turbulence model. Whereas the results obtained from the Navier-Stokes scheme are affected by the limitations of eddy viscosity two-equation models, the gas-kinetic scheme has performed much better without making any further assumption on the turbulent structures.