Review and analysis of fire resistance tests of timber members in bending, tension and compression with respect to the Reduced Cross-Section Method

Schmid, Joachim; Klippel, Michael; Just, Alar; Frangi, Andréa

doi:10.1016/j.firesaf.2014.05.006

Cited by 54 publications

(41 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…In contrast to the RPM, where every specific member geometry leads to different modification factors in the fire situation, and subsequently to different material properties for different cross-sections, the RCSM allows the use of the original material properties, which is an advantage using commercial software packages to solve complex systems. Recently, the present model of the RCSM [4] was criticized due to its extended field of applications with respect to the original proposal [8], as well as due to the simplified implementation deviating from fire test and simulation results [11,12].…”

Section: Fire Technology 2014mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…By reviewing a large number of full-scale fire tests it was shown that the assumed material properties at normal conditions have a substantial impact on the derived depth of the zero-strength layer [12]. The author's recommendation of further testing in [8] was not followed up by the scientific community before implementing the RCSM in EN 1995-1-2 [4], as systematic testing with evaluation of the zero-strength layer has never been reported before implementation of the method.…”

Section: Fire Technology 2014mentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Reduced Cross-Section Method for Evaluation of the Fire Resistance of Timber Members: Discussion and Determination of the Zero-Strength Layer

et al. 2014

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The reduced cross-section method (RCSM) is included in Eurocode 5 (EN-1995-1-2) for the design of timber members in fire conditions. The method considers the strength and stiffness reduction beneath the charred layer by adding an additional depth (known as the 'zero-strength' layer) to the charring depth. The zerostrength layer is one of the key parameters for the fire design of timber members. Recently, some concerns have been raised that the zero-strength layer might be nonconservative in some applications. This paper presents the background to the RCSM, followed by a short discussion on the mechanical assumptions, simplifications and possible limitations of the method itself. Further, it discusses determination of the zero-strength layer thickness for members in bending, tension and compression, and provides guidelines on the use of standard experimental tests to determine this quantity. For demonstration of the determination procedure, the results of fire tests in bending, tension and compression were analysed following the described procedure. Results show that the zero-strength layer exceeds the value used in practice, indicate that the method of Eurocode 5 may be non-conservative and should be revised.

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Section: Fire Technology 2014mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Fire Technology 2014mentioning

confidence: 99%

The Reduced Cross-Section Method for Evaluation of the Fire Resistance of Timber Members: Discussion and Determination of the Zero-Strength Layer

et al. 2014

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“…Schmid et al [19] also carried out a further analysis of 153 fire tests including 117 members in bending. By reanalysing the reported failure times of the members in the tests they estimated the zero-strength layer for each of the members.…”

Section: Fire Technology 2015mentioning

confidence: 99%

The Reduced Cross Section Method Applied to Glulam Timber Exposed to Non-standard Fire Curves

et al. 2015

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Timber is an desired material for structural applications due to its green credentials and attractive external appearance. Fire safety design of timber structures is largely limited to considering the exposure of elements to the standard fire, to which timber demonstrates exceptional resilience. This paper reports on a series of tests which were carried out with the intention of exploring the impact of non-standard fires on timber elements. Because of the natural variation in timber elements, the tests and the resulting analysis of the test results were conceived and designed in such a way that as much information about the statistical distribution of the response of the elements as possible could be obtained. The resulting testing programme comprised four furnace fire tests, each of eight loaded timber beams, with three different temperature time curves: two standard fire tests, one long-cool parametric fire and one short-hot parametric fire. The reduced cross section method for structural calculations is extended in this paper to parametric fire exposures, and the results of the tests are compared with this method. It is shown that the thickness of the zerostrength layer is dependent on the temperature time curve to which the timber is exposed in the furnace and that the 7 mm zero-strength layer prescribed in EN 1995-1-2 may be un-conservative for members in bending. For the cases studied, the zerostrength layer thickness in bending is shown to be around about 15 mm under standard fire exposure and 16 mm under exposure to a long cool parametric fire. Conversely, the zero-strength layer is only 8 mm deep under exposure to a short hot parametric fire. This has implications for the design of timber elements not only for parametric fire exposure in enclosures, but also perhaps for the use of timber elements in large open structures such as halls or arenas where more localised fire exposure or travelling fire exposure may be expected.

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“…Хорошая механическая прочность, пожаробезопасность, экологическая безопасность открывают перспективы по применению композитных материалов, которые активно вошли в жизнь и заменили тра-диционные материалы в энергетике, транспорте, электронике и других сферах деятельности [4][5][6][7][8][9].…”

Section: Introductionunclassified

“…Они охватывают ма-шиностроение, целлюлозно-бумажную промышленность, производство жароупорных материалов (рас-творы и бетоны), синтетических моющих средств, производство электросварочных материалов, укрепле-ние грунтов в строительстве (инъекционные составы) и т.д. [4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14]. Применение графита в качестве на-полнителя обусловлено его высокой термической и химической стойкостью, а также эффективностью замедления нейтронов при их пространственно-энергетическом распределении с точки зрения инженер-но-физических основ защиты от излучений [15].…”

Section: Introductionunclassified

Fire-resistance properties research of “water glass - graphite microparticles” composite material

Александрович¹,

Сергеевич²

2016

Naučno-teh. vestn. inf. tehnol. meh. opt.

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Review and analysis of fire resistance tests of timber members in bending, tension and compression with respect to the Reduced Cross-Section Method

Cited by 54 publications

References 8 publications

The Reduced Cross-Section Method for Evaluation of the Fire Resistance of Timber Members: Discussion and Determination of the Zero-Strength Layer

The Reduced Cross-Section Method for Evaluation of the Fire Resistance of Timber Members: Discussion and Determination of the Zero-Strength Layer

The Reduced Cross Section Method Applied to Glulam Timber Exposed to Non-standard Fire Curves

Fire-resistance properties research of “water glass - graphite microparticles” composite material

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