Review—Advent of TiO₂Nanotubes as Supercapacitor Electrode

Abstract

Design of nano-porous materials for electrodes is a promising approach for enhancing the storage capacity of electrochemical energy storage devices. In recent years, titanium dioxide (TiO 2 ) nanotube arrays have emerged as an auspicious candidate in this category because of its high surface area, porosity, mechanical strength and excellent transport properties in addition to its low cost, non-toxic and environmental friendly nature that are best suited for supercapacitor electrodes. The unique properties such as unidirectional electron transport, chemical and mechanical stability makes it an interesting option for researchers. The recent advancement in electrochemical nanofabrication has paved the way for precise control over the tube geometry and improved the ease in co-deposition of composite constituents. Methods such as doping, plasma treatment, preferential crystal axis growth, hydrogenation and nitridation have been used to enhance the electrochemical capacitance of titania nanotubes. This article reviews the strategic emergence of TiO 2 nanotube as competent electrode material for supercapacitors and its future scope.

Tuning the Wettability of Vertically Aligned CNT–TiO2 Hybrid Electrodes for Enhanced Supercapacitor Performance

“…Nevertheless progress has been made to increase the energy density by developing hybrid materials using transition metal oxides along with carbon materials . For example, TiO 2 is known for better electrode material for supercapacitor due to pseudocapacitance; however, integrating TiO 2 conformally with vertically aligned CNT forest is not well explored. In order to further improve the electrolyte‐modified VACNT electrode performance, we coated 3 nm thick TiO 2 conformally using ALD.…”

In situcarbon-supported titanium dioxide (ICS-TiO2) as an electrode material for high performance supercapacitors

“…45 Lu et al rst introduced hydrogenated TiO 2 nanotube arrays as electrode materials for supercapacitors. 46,47 Unfortunately, it was observed in previous studies that the specic capacitance of metal oxide-based supercapacitors falls considerably with an enhancement in the scan rate due to their poor electronic conductivity. So, it is worth adding metal oxides to carbon materials to fabricate the composites, which can add the merits of both components and reduce the shortcomings of each component.…”

Oxygen Vacancy‐Engineered Ti−Mo−Ni Ternary Oxide Nanotubes as Binder‐Free Supercapacitor Electrodes with Exceptional Potential Window

“…[17][18][19][20][21][22][23] Specifically, vertically-oriented TiO 2 nanotubes (TNTs) possess rapid charging/discharging properties, high chemical and mechanical stability, wide operating temperature range, long life cycle, improved reversibility, low cost per cycle, making them of potential for use as supercapacitor electrode material. [24] In contrast to the common pseudocapacitive behavior of TMOs, titania exhibits electric double layer capacitive (EDLC) behavior in aqueous electrolytes. Therefore, the use of composite electrode materials that are made of various transition metals could be a doable approach to optimize the key parameters (i. e., specific capacitance and voltage window) that are critical to ensure high energy density.…”