Review: adult neurogenesis contributes to hippocampal plasticity

Toda, Tatsuki; Gage, Fred H.

doi:10.1007/s00441-017-2735-4

Cited by 227 publications

(162 citation statements)

References 193 publications

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“…Adult neurogenesis continues throughout adult life in the dentate gyrus (DG) of the HC and in the subventricular zone (SVZ) of the mammalian brain. Here, newly generated neurons are integrated into local circuitries, where they play a role in plasticity of the HC and olfactory system . Ageing and disease modify the neurogenic potential of the brain, with a general trend toward its decline .…”

Section: Neurogenesismentioning

confidence: 99%

Early compensatory responses against neuronal injury: A new therapeutic window of opportunity for Alzheimer's Disease?

2018

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Alzheimer's disease (AD) is characterized by extensive neurodegeneration and inflammation in selective brain areas, linked to severely disabling cognitive deficits. Before full manifestation, different stages appear with progressively increased brain pathology and cognitive impairment. This significantly extends the time lag between initial molecular triggers and appearance of detectable symptoms. Notably, a number of studies in the last decade have revealed that in the early stage of mild cognitive impairment, events that appear in contrast with neuronal distress may occur. These have been reproduced in vitro and in animal models and include increase in synaptic elements, increase in synaptic and metabolic activity, enhancement of neurotrophic milieu and changes in glial cell reactivity and inflammation. They have been interpreted as compensatory responses that could either delay disease progression or, in the long run, result detrimental. For this reason, these mechanisms define a new and previously undervalued window of opportunity for intervention. Their importance resides especially in their early appearance. Directing efforts to better characterize this stage, in order to identify new pharmacological targets, is an exciting new avenue to future advances in AD research.

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Section: Neurogenesismentioning

confidence: 99%

Early compensatory responses against neuronal injury: A new therapeutic window of opportunity for Alzheimer's Disease?

2018

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“…Hippocampus is perhaps the most representative brain region of a remarkably enhanced ability for plasticity at virtually all levels organization (Koehl 2015;Toda and Gage 2017;Rebola et al 2017;Igarashi 2015;Sierra et al 2015). However, the ability for plastic changes is not homogeneously distributed along the hippocampus formation, which in rodents extends from the septal region to the temporal lobe (for that the term "septotemporal" for its longitudinal axis).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, the ability for plastic changes is not homogeneously distributed along the hippocampus formation, which in rodents extends from the septal region to the temporal lobe (for that the term "septotemporal" for its longitudinal axis). For instance, the ability for induced long-term synaptic potentiation, a widely accepted synaptic model for learning and memory (Takeuchi et al 2014), and neurogenesis, a higher order plasticity phenomenon (Toda and Gage 2018), markedly differ along the dorsoventral axis of hippocampus, at last under some conditions (Papatheodoropoulos and Kostopoulos 2000;Kouvaros and Papatheodoropoulos 2016;Maruki et al 2001;Colgin et al 2004;Milior et al 2016; Manahan-Vaughan 2018a; Grigoryan and Segal 2013;Papaleonidopoulos and Papatheodoropoulos 2018;Schreurs et al 2017;Moschovos and Papatheodoropoulos 2016;Banasr et al 2006;Jayatissa et al 2006;Boldrini et al 2009). These, represent endogenous mechanistic aspects of the more general concept of functional segregation along the dorsoventral axis of hippocampus postulating that specific behavioral functions can be ascribed to distinct segments along the hippocampal formation, usually and shortly expressed by a dichotomy between cognition and emotionality related processes undertaken by the dorsal (DH) and the ventral hippocampus (VH) respectively (Bannerman et al 2014;Strange et al 2014;Gulyaeva 2018).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Increased molecular plasticity along the septotemporal axis of the hippocampus is associated with network functioning

Sotiriou

Angelatou

Papatheodoropoulos

2019

Preprint

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Molecular plasticity crucially supports adaptive cellular and network functioning in the brain. Variations in molecular plasticity may yield important differences in neuronal network dynamics between discrete brain subregions. In the present study we show that the gradual development of sharp waves (SPWs), a spontaneous network activity that is organized under normal in vitro conditions in the CA1 field of ventral but not dorsal hippocampal slices, is associated with region selective molecular reorganization. In particular, increased levels of mRNAs for specific GABA A receptor subunits (α1, β2, γ2) occurred in ventral hippocampal CA1 field during the development of SPWs. These mRNA changes were followed by a clear increase in GABA A receptor number in ventral hippocampus, as shown by [ 3 H]muscimol binding. An increase in mRNAs was also observed in dorsal slices for α2 and α5 subunits, not followed by quantitative GABA A receptor changes. Furthermore, full development of SPWs in the CA1 field (at 3 hours of slice maintenance in vitro) was followed by increased expression of immediate early genes c-fos and zif-268 in ventral hippocampal slices (measured at 5 hours in vitro). No change in c-fos and zif-268 levels is observed in the CA1 field of dorsal slices, which do not develop spontaneous activity. These results suggest that generation of SPWs could trigger specific molecular reorganization in the VH that may be related to the functional roles of SPWs. Correspondingly, the revealed increased potentiality of the ventral hippocampus for molecular reorganization may provide a clue to mechanisms that underlie the regulated emergence of SPWs along the longitudinal axis of the hippocampus. Furthermore, the present evidence suggests that dynamic tuning between spontaneous neuronal activity and molecular organization may importantly contribute to the functional segregation/heterogeneity seen along the hippocampus.

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“…The traditional view was that after an initial recovery period of 1-2 years, the mature human brain has little capacity to repair or reorganize. More recently, it has been suggested that the central nervous system is plastic with the ability to change in neural structure (e.g., Toda & Gage, 2018), connectivity (e.g., Mansvelder, Verhoog, & Goriounova, 2018) and function (e.g., Chen, Epstein, & Stern, 2010). Structural neuroimaging studies with normal subjects have shown effects of experience on the size of specific brain structures, such as the increased hippocampal volume in London taxi drivers (Maguire et al, 2001).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…One cognitive ability in which plasticity is thought to play a central role is memory. Learning new facts and storing new events is based on synaptic plasticity (Mansvelder et al, 2018) and neurogenesis (Toda & Gage, 2018). Therefore, we aimed to investigate the long-term effects of brain lesions on memory.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Plasticity versus chronicity: Stable performance on category fluency 40 years post‐onset

Haan

Seijdel

Heywood

2019

Journal of Neuropsychology

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What is the long‐term trajectory of semantic memory deficits in patients who have suffered structural brain damage? Memory is, per definition, a changing faculty. The traditional view is that after an initial recovery period, the mature human brain has little capacity to repair or reorganize. More recently, it has been suggested that the central nervous system may be more plastic with the ability to change in neural structure, connectivity, and function. The latter observations are, however, largely based on normal learning in healthy subjects. Here, we report a patient who suffered bilateral ventro‐medial damage after presumed herpes encephalitis in 1971. He was seen regularly in the eighties, and we recently had the opportunity to re‐assess his semantic memory deficits. On semantic category fluency, he showed a very clear category‐specific deficit performing better that control data on non‐living categories and significantly worse on living items. Recent testing showed that his impairments have remained unchanged for more than 40 years. We suggest cautiousness when extrapolating the concept of brain plasticity, as observed during normal learning, to plasticity in the context of structural brain damage.

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Review: adult neurogenesis contributes to hippocampal plasticity

Cited by 227 publications

References 193 publications

Early compensatory responses against neuronal injury: A new therapeutic window of opportunity for Alzheimer's Disease?

Early compensatory responses against neuronal injury: A new therapeutic window of opportunity for Alzheimer's Disease?

Increased molecular plasticity along the septotemporal axis of the hippocampus is associated with network functioning

Plasticity versus chronicity: Stable performance on category fluency 40 years post‐onset

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