Review: a developmental perspective on protective helmets

Singh, Omender; Behera, B.K.

doi:10.1007/s10853-023-08441-3

Cited by 9 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 134 publications

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“…The mechanical performance improvements achieved with MWCNT reinforcement make these nanocomposites well-suited for usage in athletic protective equipment. Protective gear must absorb and dissipate high impact energies from collisions, while also being stiff enough to distribute force and prevent bottoming-out [56]. The composites displayed up to 19% increased tensile modulus along with over 10% higher impact energy absorption compared to the neat TPU.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optimizing mechanical properties of multi-walled carbon nanotube reinforced thermoplastic polyurethane composites for advanced athletic protective gear

2024

Matéria (Rio J.)

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This study investigates the mechanical properties of thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) composites reinforced with multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) for application in athletic protective gear. The objectives were to (1) systematically evaluate the effects of MWCNT loading level and alignment on the tensile, compressive, hardness, and impact properties; (2) identify an optimal MWCNT content range for balanced enhancements; and (3) explore scalable fabrication methods. MWCNT/TPU composites with 0.5-4 wt% loading were prepared by solution mixing and compression molding. Mechanical testing revealed significant improvements, with 62 MPa tensile strength (+19%), 507 MPa modulus (+23%), and 10% higher impact energy absorption achieved at 1-4 wt% MWCNT. MWCNT alignment further enhanced the properties, while loadings above 2 wt% showed some embrittlement. Microstructural characterization evidenced good MWCNT dispersion and interfacial bonding. The results demonstrate that low MWCNT additions can substantially enhance the strength, stiffness, and impact resistance of TPU. This indicates great potential for developing advanced, lightweight athletic protective equipment like helmets and pads with improved energy absorption and durability. Future work will focus on optimizing composite processing and design for specific gear applications.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optimizing mechanical properties of multi-walled carbon nanotube reinforced thermoplastic polyurethane composites for advanced athletic protective gear

2024

Matéria (Rio J.)

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“…A 3D woven honeycomb composite is an attractive option for aircrew helmet liners. 29 However, to fully utilize the potential of these materials, it is essential to optimize their structural design for enhanced energy absorption and impact performance. This paper aims to determine the constructional parameters of a 3D woven honeycomb cell for enhanced energy absorption and impact performance of aircrew helmet using the Box-Behnken experimental design.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Structural improvement of 3D woven honeycomb composite liner for enhanced energy absorption and impact performance in aircrew helmet

Singh,

Behera

2024

Journal of Composite Materials

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This study aims to enhance the performance of aircrew helmet liners made of 3D woven honeycomb composites through structural improvements. To achieve this, an optimization of the honeycomb design was carried out using a statistical tool by varying its geometrical parameters. A Box Behnken design was employed, using three independent factors: cell height, cell size, and cell wall thickness to assess its impact and their interactions on responses. The performance was evaluated using a multiobjective response to maximize impact energy absorption, achieve the target cushion factor, and balance relative density for lightweight design. Since the liner materials were subjected to flatwise compression and dynamic impact tests to assess the performance. Their behavior. The results revealed that the honeycomb core with a cell height of 15 mm, a cell size of 10 mm, and a cell wall thickness of 0.6 mm exhibited good behavior. The response surface analysis and contour plots were used to analyze the interactions and combined effects of variables on each response. It was observed that lesser cell size shows significant improvement in impact energy with higher wall thickness. However, the cushion factor implies inadequate energy mitigation. The analysis comparing desirability and confirmatory experiments highlighted the potential for the aircrew helmet liner to achieve its maximum performance. This study provides valuable insights into the structural design of 3D woven honeycomb composite liners for aircrew helmets and its findings signify the potential for applications in the aerospace and defense industries.

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Numerical Prediction of the Yield Surface of a Chiral Auxetic Structure

Kose,

Novak,

Grednev

et al. 2023

Adv Eng Mater

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For today’s requirements, the material itself is often not sufficient anymore. This leads to structural cellular materials and metamaterials, which allow for more degrees of freedom by a strong structure‐property‐relationship. Auxetic structures investigated in this contribution belong to metamaterials. Auxetic metamaterials show huge advantages in their properties, e.g. an enhanced specific energy absorption capacity as well as a negative Poisson’s ratio, combined with a very high stiffness‐to‐weight ratio. Experimental probing of these structures is very challenging, hence, up to now, auxetic materials are only investigated in uniaxial, bending or shear loading. But for an industrial application, the knowledge of the multiaxial yield behaviour is inevitable. For the first time, the present study deals with the numerical probing of the yield surface for a chiral auxetic structure applying multiaxial loading. The changes in Poisson’s ratio, specific energy absorption capacity and the resulting non‐convex yield surface are studied numerically. It showed, that the highest specific energy absorption capacities are reached under compression load cases while higher stiffnesses and yield stresses are achieved under tensile loading. There is a strong‐structure‐property relationship and load case dependency for the Poisson’s ratio as well as for the specific energy absorption capacity.This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

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Review: a developmental perspective on protective helmets

Cited by 9 publications

References 134 publications

Optimizing mechanical properties of multi-walled carbon nanotube reinforced thermoplastic polyurethane composites for advanced athletic protective gear

Optimizing mechanical properties of multi-walled carbon nanotube reinforced thermoplastic polyurethane composites for advanced athletic protective gear

Structural improvement of 3D woven honeycomb composite liner for enhanced energy absorption and impact performance in aircrew helmet

Numerical Prediction of the Yield Surface of a Chiral Auxetic Structure

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