Review

Kaplowitz, Neil; Fernández-Checa, José C.; Kannan, Ram; Garcı́a-Ruiz, Carmen; Ookhtens, Murad; Yi, Mingdong

doi:10.1515/bchm3.1996.377.5.267

Cited by 19 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…Antioxidants and free radical scavenging systems exist in the cells to protect it against the damaging effects of free radicals [60]. The present study showed that, the oral administration of aspartame could lead to a significant elevation in SOD, CAT, and GPx compared to control group.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 52%

Biochemical responses and mitochondrial mediated activation of apoptosis on long-term effect of aspartame in rat brain

Iyaswamy

Sheeladevi

2014

Redox Biology

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Aspartame, an artificial sweetener, is very widely used in many foods and beverages. But there are controversies about its metabolite which is marked for its toxicity. Hence it is believed to be unsafe for human use. Previous studies have reported on methanol exposure with involvements of free radicals on excitotoxicity of neuronal apoptosis. Hence, this present study is proposed to investigate whether or not chronic aspartame (FDA approved Daily Acceptable Intake (ADI),40 mg/kg bwt) administration could release methanol, and whether or not it can induce changes in brain oxidative stress status and gene and protein expression of anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 and pro-apoptotic Bax and caspase-3 in the rat brain region. To mimic the human methanol metabolism, Methotrexate (MTX)-treated Wistar strain male albino rats were used and after the oral administration of aspartame, the effects were studied along with controls and MTX-treated controls. Aspartame exposure resulted with a significant increase in the enzymatic activity in protein carbonyl, lipid peroxidation levels, superoxide dismutase, glutathione-S-transferase, glutathione peroxidase and catalase activity in (aspartame MTX)-treated animals and with a significant decrease in reduced glutathione, glutathione reductase and protein thiol, pointing out the generation of free radicals. The gene and protein expression of pro apoptotic marker Bax showed a marked increase whereas the anti-apoptotic marker Bcl-2 decreased markedly indicating the aspartame is harmful at cellular level. It is clear that long term aspartame exposure could alter the brain antioxidant status, and can induce apoptotic changes in brain.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 52%

Biochemical responses and mitochondrial mediated activation of apoptosis on long-term effect of aspartame in rat brain

Iyaswamy

Sheeladevi

2014

Redox Biology

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“… 410 Though the 4-HNE modified H 2 S adduct was not confirmed in this work, the ability to neutralize reactive electrophiles is thought-provoking, as GSH is known to carry out an analogous function. 411 …”

Section: Reactive Sulfur Species (Rss) In Biological Systemsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cysteine-Mediated Redox Signaling: Chemistry, Biology, and Tools for Discovery

2013

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“…The GSH/GSSG ratio in serum is substantially lower (∼3). Whether this meaningfully reflects a cellular redox state is questionable ( 90 ) and it may not be a good indicator of oxidative stress ( 86 ). Thus, most studies measure erythrocyte GSH where GSH concentrations are high, but not necessarily a good indicator of oxidative stress across tissues.…”

Section: Ros-induced Modificationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Clinical Relevance of Biomarkers of Oxidative Stress

Frijhoff

Winyard

Žarković

et al. 2015

Antioxidants & Redox Signaling

679

545

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Significance: Oxidative stress is considered to be an important component of various diseases. A vast number of methods have been developed and used in virtually all diseases to measure the extent and nature of oxidative stress, ranging from oxidation of DNA to proteins, lipids, and free amino acids. Recent Advances: An increased understanding of the biology behind diseases and redox biology has led to more specific and sensitive tools to measure oxidative stress markers, which are very diverse and sometimes very low in abundance. Critical Issues: The literature is very heterogeneous. It is often difficult to draw general conclusions on the significance of oxidative stress biomarkers, as only in a limited proportion of diseases have a range of different biomarkers been used, and different biomarkers have been used to study different diseases. In addition, biomarkers are often measured using nonspecific methods, while specific methodologies are often too sophisticated or laborious for routine clinical use. Future Directions: Several markers of oxidative stress still represent a viable biomarker opportunity for clinical use. However, positive findings with currently used biomarkers still need to be validated in larger sample sizes and compared with current clinical standards to establish them as clinical diagnostics. It is important to realize that oxidative stress is a nuanced phenomenon that is difficult to characterize, and one biomarker is not necessarily better than others. The vast diversity in oxidative stress between diseases and conditions has to be taken into account when selecting the most appropriate biomarker. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 23, 1144–1170.

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Review

Cited by 19 publications

References 40 publications

Biochemical responses and mitochondrial mediated activation of apoptosis on long-term effect of aspartame in rat brain

Biochemical responses and mitochondrial mediated activation of apoptosis on long-term effect of aspartame in rat brain

Cysteine-Mediated Redox Signaling: Chemistry, Biology, and Tools for Discovery

Clinical Relevance of Biomarkers of Oxidative Stress

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