Reversing the cytotoxicity of uric acid by supramolecular encapsulation with acyclic cucurbit[n]uril

Abstract

Supramolecular encapsulation, which removes harmful substances from organisms, has evolved into a new strategy. In this paper, three supramolecular complexes of acyclic cucurbit[n]urils (ACBs) with uric acid (UA) were prepared, and the inclusion behavior of ACBs and UA was studied by fluorescence spectroscopy, UV–vis spectroscopy and nuclear magnetic resonance. Furthermore, the effect of the complexes of UA with ACBs on the expression of inflammatory biomarkers in human hepatoma HepG2 cell lines was characterized through C-reactive protein (CRP) western blot. The results showed UA molecules can be recognized by three ACBs with different binding constants, and ACBs successfully blocked the inflammatory stimulation of UA on HepG2 cell lines and inhibited the expression of the major inflammatory factor CRP by the formation of complexes between UA and ACBs. This article proves that ACBs can efficiently reverse the cytotoxicity of UA, which provides a new method for treating hyperuricemia disease.

A Population Based Study of Liver Function amongst Adults with Hyperuricemia and Gout in the United States

“…Hyperuricemia is the primary cause of a condition called gout. In addition to inflammatory effects, uric acid can cause cellular toxicity [ 15 ]. In the present study, the participants from 2007 to 2016 NHANES study cycles were evaluated for availability of information on gout, uric acid level and liver enzyme function indicators.…”

Encapsulationof the Haloalkane 4‐Chloromethylpyridine Hydrochloride by Cucurbit[8]uril

“…They contain not only hydrophobic cavities but also carbonyl-laced portals, and the presence of the former allows for the encapsulation of some guest molecules of appropriate size. [26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34][35] For example, Q [8] has been widely studied given its larger cavity, versus Q [6] and Q [7], which means it can better encapsulate various guest molecules of different sizes. In the current contribution, we have examined the binding properties of Q [8] with 4-chloromethylpyridine hydrochloride (G),see Figure 1, using NMR spectroscopy, UV-visible spectroscopy, isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC), and X-ray crystallography.…”

“…Cucurbit[ n ]urils (abbreviated as Q[ n ]s, n=5–8, 10, 13–15) [19–25] have recently been added to the macrocyclic family in supramolecular chemistry, and are composed of n glycoluril units linked by 2n methylene groups. They contain not only hydrophobic cavities but also carbonyl‐laced portals, and the presence of the former allows for the encapsulation of some guest molecules of appropriate size [26–35] . For example, Q[8] has been widely studied given its larger cavity, versus Q[6] and Q[7], which means it can better encapsulate various guest molecules of different sizes.…”