Reversible work hardening in alloys of cubic metals

Wilson, D. V.

doi:10.1016/0001-6160(65)90145-8

Cited by 175 publications

(37 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…In an early study by Wilson [43], the presence of permanent softening during reversed straining was found to be associated with a distribution of second phase precipitates that provided a strong barrier to dislocation movement. In addition a transient softening stress, σ ts , was observed when undertaking mechanical tests to evaluate the Bauschinger effect on several single phase, cubic symmetry polycrystalline materials, including Al and Cu alloys [43]. X-ray diffraction measurements were undertaken to provide the magnitude of misfit stresses for one or two grain families [43].…”

Section: Bauschinger Effectmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In addition a transient softening stress, σ ts , was observed when undertaking mechanical tests to evaluate the Bauschinger effect on several single phase, cubic symmetry polycrystalline materials, including Al and Cu alloys [43]. X-ray diffraction measurements were undertaken to provide the magnitude of misfit stresses for one or two grain families [43]. However X-ray measurements provide near surface stresses so that stress relaxation within the surface arising from specimen preparation could not be avoided.…”

Section: Bauschinger Effectmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Wilson [43] did not link the transient softening behaviour of the single phase polycrystalline material with the presence of the misfit stresses for different grain families.…”

Section: Bauschinger Effectmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Role of the misfit stress between grains in the Bauschinger effect for a polycrystalline material

Chen

Wang

et al. 2015

Acta Materialia

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. (2015) Role of the misfit stress between grains in the Bauschinger effect for a polycrystalline material. Acta Materialia, http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.actamat. .11.021 DOI 10.1016/j.actamat.2014.11.021 ISSN 1359 Publisher: Elsevier Copyright © and Moral Rights are retained by the author(s) and/ or other copyright owners. A copy can be downloaded for personal non-commercial research or study, without prior permission or charge. This item cannot be reproduced or quoted extensively from without first obtaining permission in writing from the copyright holder(s). The content must not be changed in any way or sold commercially in any format or medium without the formal permission of the copyright holders. This document is the author's post-print version, incorporating any revisions agreed during the peer-review process. Some differences between the published version and this version may remain and you are advised to consult the published version if you wish to cite from it. AbstractThe role of misfit stress on kinematic hardening under reversed straining of a Type 316H austenitic stainless steel has been investigated by using the neutron diffraction technique combined with in-situ deformation. Initial misfit stresses, often referred to an intergranular internal stresses, were created by the tensile pre-straining at high temperature. The misfit stresses at the length-scale of grain families, measured by neutron diffraction, were shown to be a function of the magnitude of the tensile prestrain. The pre-strained specimens were further subjected to either continued (tensile) straining or reversed (compressive) straining at room temperature. In-situ neutron diffraction measurements were undertaken to monitor the change of the misfit stresses during loading. The macroscopic stress-strain behaviour was used to derive isotropic and kinematic hardening stresses developed in the pre-strained specimens. Resultsshow that the change of the transient softening stress towards a zero value is accompanied by a decrease in the change of the misfit stresses. A multi-scale selfconsistent model has been developed to assist in understanding the measured change of the misfit stresses when subjecting the material to strain reversal. An important conclusion is that the origin of the kinematic hardening of Type 316H austenitic stainless steel arises from the misfit stress between grains.

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Section: Bauschinger Effectmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Bauschinger Effectmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Role of the misfit stress between grains in the Bauschinger effect for a polycrystalline material

Chen

Wang

et al. 2015

Acta Materialia

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“…The approach was applied to several alloys with a cubic crystal structure. Several torsion specimens were prepared from a given material: each was pre-strained at room temperature to 9% and then subjected to one of a series of reverse strains in the range from 0% to 10% 136 , as illustrated schematically in Figure 16 (a). The magnitude of permanent softening, τ sn , was evaluated by the difference between the flow stress in the forward direction, τ f , and the flow stress in the reversed direction, τ r .…”

Section: Bauschinger and Permanent Softening Effect Testmentioning

confidence: 99%

A review of the changes of internal state related to high temperature creep of polycrystalline metals and alloys

Chen

Flewitt

Cocks

et al. 2014

International Materials Reviews

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When polycrystalline metals and their alloys are used at high temperature, creep deformation leads to changes in their internal state. The change in internal state manifests itself in many ways, but the two ways that concern us in this review are (i) the creation of internal stress arising from the strain incompatibility between grains and/or the formation of cell/sub-grain structures and (ii) a change in the material resistance. This review aims to provide a clear separation of these two concepts by exploring the origin of each term and how it is associated with the creep deformation mechanism. Experimental techniques used to measure the internal stress and internal resistance over different length-scales are critically reviewed. It is demonstrated that the interpretation of the measured values requires knowledge of the dominant creep deformation mechanism. Finally, the concluding comments provide a summary of the key messages delivered in this review and highlight the challenges that remain to be addressed.

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“…By combining this equation with an expression given by 1cClintock (8) ,6 P -ý i b (2) and eliminating f, we can obtain an expression for the Bauschinger strain i interms of the plastic strain A…”

Section: Theorymentioning

confidence: 99%

The Bauschinger Effect in Copper and Copper-Zinc Alloys

Milligan¹,

Koo²

1970

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Reversible work hardening in alloys of cubic metals

Cited by 175 publications

References 2 publications

Role of the misfit stress between grains in the Bauschinger effect for a polycrystalline material

Role of the misfit stress between grains in the Bauschinger effect for a polycrystalline material

A review of the changes of internal state related to high temperature creep of polycrystalline metals and alloys

The Bauschinger Effect in Copper and Copper-Zinc Alloys

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