In this letter, we put forward an approach to prepare hydrogen-bonded complex fibers. First, a spinnable fluid is obtained by restricting hydrogen bonds, and then it is extruded through a spinneret into a coagulation bath where hydrogen bonds are built to induce fiber formation. The hydrogen-bonded poly(acrylic acid)/poly(ethylene oxide) (PAA/PEO) complex was prepared into fibers. PAA/PEO fiber shows excellent elastic behavior and can be drawn to more than 12× its original length without breaking, which is much higher than Spandex fiber or natural rubber fiber. In the fiber, PAA and PEO are miscible in the molecular level. Dynamic hydrogen bonding between PAA and PEO restricts the crystallization of PEO, retains flexibility of polymer chains, and also provides recovery forces when removing stress. E lastomers and highly elastic materials are essential to human life. 1−6 The polymeric materials that can be used as elastomers should have flexible polymer chains, weak abilities for crystallization, relatively low glass transition temperatures, and mechanisms for cross-linking. 7 Polybutadiene has a flexible chain, but without vulcanization it is gummy, easy for oxidation, and does not show resiliencies. 8 Polysiloxane has a pliable chain, and the cross-linking of siloxane elastomers is obtained by cohydrolysis of dichlorosilanes with alkyl-trichlorosilanes. 9,10 Polyurethane is composed of soft and hard segments. The soft segments make the polymer show a high elongation, while hard segments are hydrogen-bonded tie-points that ensure the recovery force. 11,12 Low-dimensional elastic materials, such as fibers and thin films, are essential for developing the flexible electronics and intelligent wearable products. 13,14 Traditional elastomers, such as natural rubber and polyurethane, are exploited to make functional flexible fibers and films. 15−18 In this work, we report a new elastic fiber that is made from the hydrogen-bonded polymer complex of poly(acrylic acid) (PAA) and poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO). PAA is an amorphous polymer and its glass transition temperature is around 100°C. PEO has flexible chain and relatively low glass transition temperature, but PEO is easy to crystallize. Neither PAA nor PEO shows elastic behavior under ambient conditions. However, through hydrogen-bonding complexation, the PAA/ PEO system shows elastic behavior. For example, Hammond et al. applied layer-by-layer (LbL) assembly to fabricate a hydrogen-bonded PAA/PEO film which is flexible and could be stretched up to 450%. 19 LbL assembly is a controlled polymer complexation process at interfaces. Many hydrogen-bonded polymer complex systems have been prepared as thin films, coatings, and capsules with LbL assembly. 20−26 Here we put forward an approach to prepare hydrogen-bonded complex fibers. First, a spinnable fluid is obtained by restricting hydrogen bonds and then it is extruded through a spinneret into a coagulation bath where hydrogen bonds are built and the fiber is formed (Figure 1a). NaOH is deliberately added into the solutio...