Reversible steganographic method based on interpolation by bivariate linear box-spline on the three directional mesh

Reversible steganographic method based on interpolation and genetic algorithm

“…Furthermore, the GA finds the best path to follow during the dissimulation; it allows hiding each fragment of data in the most suited interpolated pixel in order to achieve a minimal error, thus a better imperceptibility. This explains how the GA could ameliorate remarkably the PSNR values of our precedent work [12]. The values of IF, NCC and Q-index in table 2 obtained by the proposed approaches are closer to their optimal value 1 than the three other methods.…”

“…We accomplish a comparison to the NMI, INP and CRS methods, the earliest interpolation methods used in steganography. Tables 1 and 2 show the values of the capacity and the metrics of the imperceptibility by the NMI [1], INP [2], CRS [11],IBLBS [12] and the proposed GA. We used the images Lena(a), Mandrill(b), Airplane(c), Peppers(d), Lake(e) and Tiffany(f), they have different level of texture which is a crucial parameter in steganographybased on interpolation. Results in tables 1 and 2 indicate that the proposed approaches provide the larger capacity; and at the same time, they have the highest imperceptibility.…”

Hybrid Reversible Data Hiding in Encrypted Satellite Images Using Fluctuation Modification Extraction and Reed-Solomon Code Embedding

“…As shown in Figures 6 and 7, there are some anomalies of simulation results in the SPOT-7 and Pleiades-1A test images. In the SPOT-7 test image, when a block size of 22  22 occurs, an extracted-bit error of 1 bit occurs in the block position y (3,12). Based on the fluctuation calculation results, at the position of block y (3,12), the proposed fluctuation function extracts the wrong information bit, "0," while only the Zhang fluctuation function correctly extracts the embedded information bit into the image, which is bit "1."…”

“…In the SPOT-7 test image, when a block size of 22  22 occurs, an extracted-bit error of 1 bit occurs in the block position y (3,12). Based on the fluctuation calculation results, at the position of block y (3,12), the proposed fluctuation function extracts the wrong information bit, "0," while only the Zhang fluctuation function correctly extracts the embedded information bit into the image, which is bit "1." In the Pleiades-1A test image, when a block size is 21  21, there is an extracted-bit error of 1 bit in the block position y (4,8).…”

“…The proposed method achieved better embedding capacity and stegoimage quality compared to state-of-the-art RDH techniques. Benhfid et al [3] applied a reversible steganography system based on interpolation by linear box splines on a three-directional mesh. The proposed work surpassed the literature in hiding capacity with an equivalent level of imperceptibility.…”