Reversible Photoswitching of Spiropyran-Conjugated Semiconducting Polymer Dots

Chan, Yang-Hsiang; Gallina, Maria Elena; Zhang, Xuanjun; Wu, I‐Chin; Jin, Yuhui; Sun, Wei; Chiu, Daniel T.

doi:10.1021/ac302245t

Cited by 81 publications

(85 citation statements)

References 54 publications

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“…These polymer dots, referred to as CPdots and later Pdots, are made from semiconducting polymer materials such as PPE, PFPV, or PFBT (see Figure 6.8 for full chemical name), are $4 nm in diameter with high fluorescent intensities, and could be readily functionalized [140][141][142]. Others have studied these Pdot materials, including Chan et al who developed FRET-based Pdots with photoswitching capabilities [143,144]. These were created through the incorporation of photochromic spiropyran molecules into a PFBT polymer and were intended for use in bioimaging applications.…”

Section: Dendrimers and Polymer Macromoleculesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Materials for FRET Analysis: Beyond Traditional Dye–Dye Combinations

Sapsford

Wildt

Mariani

et al. 2013

FRET – Förster Resonance Energy Transfer

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The intrinsic sensitivity (r 6 dependence) of F€ orster (or fluorescence) resonance energy transfer (FRET) to nanoscale changes in the donor/acceptor separation distance has made FRET an invaluable biophysical tool in a variety of applications, ranging from studying the structure and conformation of proteins and nucleic acids to examining biomolecular interactions, including its use in in vitro and in vivo bioassays [1][2][3][4][5][6][7]. While the myriad of FRET configurations and techniques currently in use are covered throughout this book, here we focus primarily on the materials utilized as donor or acceptor probes in FRET rather than the process itself [3,5,8,9]. Our 2006 review paper on this topic serves as the foundation for this updated chapter [3]. The materials were divided into three main categories: organic materials that include "traditional" dye fluorophores, dark quenchers, polymers, and carbon nanomaterials (NMs); inorganic materials such as metal chelates, metal, and semiconductor nanocrystals; and fluorophores of biological origin such as fluorescent proteins (FPs), amino acids, and fluorescence generated from enzymatic bioluminescence (BL) and chemiluminescence (CL). These materials may function as FRET donors and/or acceptors, depending upon experimental design. Many of the new materials developed and/or new donor-acceptor probe combinations used address some of the inherent complications of more traditional FRET materials, including photobleaching, spectral cross talk, and direct excitation of the acceptor species, and examples of these will be highlighted and discussed throughout the chapter. Since the vast majority of FRET applications are biological in nature, they routinely involve some type of biomolecule labeling strategy, which ultimately plays a significant and fundamental role in the success and interpretation of the resulting FRET. Therefore, we begin the chapter with a brief discussion of the bioconjugation techniques commonly utilized for FRET and points to consider, followed by sections highlighting the current and emerging materials that are used, or have the potential to be used, in FRET applications.

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Section: Dendrimers and Polymer Macromoleculesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Materials for FRET Analysis: Beyond Traditional Dye–Dye Combinations

Sapsford

Wildt

Mariani

et al. 2013

FRET – Förster Resonance Energy Transfer

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“…[42][43][44][45] On the other hand, it was also reported that the ACPs incorporated with photochromic moieties showed reversible photomodulation of the fl uorescence by using light stimuli. [46][47][48] In these polymer systems, the fl uorescent moiety is independent of the photochromic moiety, resulting in high fl exibility on the molecular design.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dynamic Control of Full‐Colored Emission and Quenching of Photoresponsive Conjugated Polymers by Photostimuli

Watanabe

Hayasaka

Miyashita

et al. 2015

Adv Funct Materials

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wileyonlinelibrary.comand aggregation-enhanced emission (AEE) characteristics were reported in selected ACPs. [14][15][16] Therefore, it is of great interest to investigate ACPs in the aggregated state that are quite different from those the isolated chain state.The polymer nanosphere solution can be treated as an intermediate state between a solution state and a solid fi lm state because the polymer nanoparticles uniformly disperse in a solvent, similar to their behavior in solution, whereas the polymer chains aggregate with each other, similarly to their behavior in a solid fi lm. In other words, the polymer nanosphere solution can be regarded as a dispersed nano-ordered crystalline polymer system. This bilateral character of the nanosphere solution causes the polymer to exhibit high processability and fl uidity as well as aggregation effects. In addition, the polymer nanosphere solution enables quantitative analysis of the aggregated state of polymers from the spectroscopic point of view. Hence, the polymer nanosphere solution is useful for understanding the aggregation effect on ACPs as compared with the solution and solid fi lm states.Dynamic control of the fl uorescence of ACPs using an external light stimulus is of particular interest because such photoresponsive polymers are essential for next-generation optoelectronic materials. Dithienylethene (DE) derivatives [17][18][19][20] are one class of the most attractive photoresponsive materials because of their outstanding fatigue resistance, thermal stability, and ability to undergo conformational changes between open and closed forms via photoisomerization, and therefore they are regarded as promising materials for the fabrication of photodynamically controllable luminescent devices [ 21,22 ] as well as photodynamically color-tunable systems. [23][24][25][26][27] The DE derivatives are also known to display luminescent color changes via photoisomerization. [ 20,[28][29][30][31][32][33][34][35][36][37] Similarly, conjugated polymers that contain DE moieties in the polymer backbones exhibit photochromism. [ 20,[38][39][40][41] The chromism in both absorption and luminescence of the conjugated polymers is attributed to structural changes in the conjugated backbones resulting from the DE photoisomerization. Hence, it is necessary to properly design the molecular structure to realize the desired switching behavior and fl uorescent colors.It is well known that in ACP nanoparticles doped with luminescent dopants, the ACP fl uorescence is almost completely quenched and the fl uorescence of the dopant is mainly

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“…[1][2][3][4] One of the most important classes of chromogenic materials is photochromic 6-nitro-1′,3′-dihydrospiro[chromene-2,2′-indoles], also known in the literature as 6-nitrospiro[2H-1-benzopyran-2,2′-indolines], which have been extensively studied due to their potential applications in various areas of materials science and advanced technologies. [5][6][7][8] The aforementioned compounds under UV-irradiation undergo rapid C-O bond cleavage, converting to the planar, coloured trans-merocyanine form. 9,10 The synthesis of 1′,3′-dihydrospiro-[chromene-2,2′-indoles] is usually based on the condensation of 2-methylideneindoline derivatives with such aryl aldehydes as 5-nitrosalicylaldehyde.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%