Achieving
exquisite control over self-assembly of functional polycyclic
aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) and nanographene (NG) is essential for
their exploitation as active elements in (nano)technological applications.
In the framework of our effort to leverage their functional complexity,
we designed and synthesized two hexa-peri-hexabenzocoronene
(HBC) triads, p
AHA and o
AHA, decorated with two light-responsive azobenzene
moieties at the pseudo-para and ortho positions, respectively. Their photoisomerization in solution is
demonstrated by UV–vis absorption. 1H NMR measurements
of o
AHA suggested 23% of Z-form can be obtained at a photostationary state with UV irradiation
(366 nm). Scanning tunneling microscopy imaging revealed that the
self-assembly of p
AHA and o
AHA at the solid–liquid interface between highly
oriented pyrolytic graphite (HOPG) and their solution in 1,2,4-trichlorobenzene
can be modulated upon light irradiation. This is in contrast to our
previous work using HBC bearing a single azobenzene moiety, which
did not show such photomodulation of the self-assembled structure.
Upon E-Z isomerization both p
AHA and o
AHA displayed an increased
packing density on the surface of graphite. Moreover, p
AHA revealed a change of self-assembled pattern from
an oblique unit cell to a dimer row rectangular crystal lattice whereas
the assembly of o
AHA retained a dimer
row structure before and after light irradiation, yet with a modification
of the inter-row molecular orientation. Molecular mechanics/molecular
dynamics simulations validated the self-assembly patterns of p
AHA and o
AHA, comprising azobenzenes in their Z-forms. These
results pave the way toward use of suitably functionalized large PAHs,
as well as NGs, to develop photoswitchable devices.