Reversible movement disorders due to toxoplasmosis as initial manifestation of HIV-AIDS, with sequential MR and video imaging

Reyes, Antonio Jose; Ramcharan, Kanterpersad; Aboh, Samuel; Duke, Nathaniel

doi:10.1136/bcr-2016-215676

Cited by 2 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 3 publications

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“…In T1WI, the lesions were hypointense. Four months later, after the introduction of treatment focused on TE, the patient obtained the maximum MMSE score, and follow-up MRI correlated with clinical improvement – there was a decrease in the intensity and size of changes in T2/FLAIR, small foci remained in the basal ganglia bilaterally and in the frontal area of the first lobe right parietal-temporal [ 34 ].…”

Section: Magnetic Resonance Imagingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of imaging methods in cerebral toxoplasmosis

Zawadzki,

Modzelewski,

Naumowicz

et al. 2023

Pol J Radiol

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Cerebral toxoplasmosis is a parasitic disease resulting, in most cases, from a reactivation of a latent cyst with <i>Toxoplasma gondii</i>. The disease mainly affects immunosuppressed individuals, such as HIV (human immunodeficiency virus)-infected patients. Diagnosis is based on specialized antibody testing, clinical symptoms, neuroimaging methods, and histological examination. The gold standard for diagnosis is a brain biopsy, but more often the response to treatment seen in clinical symptoms and neuroimaging studies is sufficient. The imaging features support the diagnosis of cerebral toxoplasmosis and help assess the effectiveness of treatment.

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Section: Magnetic Resonance Imagingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of imaging methods in cerebral toxoplasmosis

Zawadzki,

Modzelewski,

Naumowicz

et al. 2023

Pol J Radiol

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Presynaptic Hemiparkinsonism Following Cerebral Toxoplasmosis: Case Report and Literature Review

Malaquias

Magrinelli

Quattrone

et al. 2022

Movement Disord Clin Pract

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BackgroundBackground: Cerebral toxoplasmosis (CTx) is a central nervous system opportunistic infection with variable neurological manifestations. Although tropism of Toxoplasma gondii for the basal ganglia is well known, movement disorders (MDs) represent only a small percentage of CTx-related neurological complications. CTxassociated MDs are usually hyperkinetic, whereas parkinsonism associated with evidence of presynaptic dopaminergic deficit has never been described. Case Case: We report a human immunodeficiency virus-positive patient who developed a complex MD featuring unilateral tremor combined with parkinsonism and dystonia following an acute episode of disseminated CTx. Her dopamine transporter scan (DaTscan) documented contralateral presynaptic dopaminergic deficit. Levodopa initiation improved both tremor and parkinsonism after ineffective trials of several other medications over the years. Literature Review Literature Review: A total of 64 patients presenting with CTx-related MDs have been described. The most common MD was chorea (44%), followed by ataxia (20%), parkinsonism (16%), tremor (14%), dystonia (14%), myoclonus (3%), and akathisia (2%). DaTscan was performed only in 1 case, of Holmes tremor, that demonstrated reduced presynaptic dopaminergic uptake. Positive response to dopaminergic treatment was reported in 3 cases of Holmes tremor and 2 cases of parkinsonism. Conclusions Conclusions: Presynaptic dopaminergic deficit may occur in CTx-related tremor combined with parkinsonism. Its identification should prompt initiation of levodopa, thus avoiding unnecessary trials of other drugs.

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Reversible movement disorders due to toxoplasmosis as initial manifestation of HIV-AIDS, with sequential MR and video imaging

Cited by 2 publications

References 3 publications

Evaluation of imaging methods in cerebral toxoplasmosis

Evaluation of imaging methods in cerebral toxoplasmosis

Presynaptic Hemiparkinsonism Following Cerebral Toxoplasmosis: Case Report and Literature Review

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