Reversible Hydration of CH3NH3PbI3 in Films, Single Crystals, and Solar Cells

Leguy, Aurélien M. A.; Hu, Yinghong; Campoy‐Quiles, Mariano; Alonso, M. I.; Weber, Oliver J.; Azarhoosh, Pooya; Schilfgaarde, Mark van; Weller, Mark T.; Bein, Thomas; Nelson, Jenny; Docampo, Pablo; Barnes, Piers R. F.

doi:10.1021/acs.chemmater.5b00660

Cited by 1,164 publications

(1,486 citation statements)

References 37 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

1,399

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…Another supportive finding was reported by Snaith and co-workers, who found that the optimal RH of 50% produces an efficiency of more than 14% due to the elimination excess of MA + , [135b] and the damage of MAPbI 3 by water vapor is reversible. [136,139] Reproduced with permission. [126] Copyright 2016, The Royal Society of Chemistry.…”

Section: Moisture Complexationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Low‐Dimensional Perovskites: From Synthesis to Stability in Perovskite Solar Cells

Yusoff

Nazeeruddin

2017

Advanced Energy Materials

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

ruthenium molecular dye, wide absorption range, direct and tunable bandgaps, superior charge carrier mobility, and long carrier diffusion length. [6,[43][44][45] Although it has been synthesized for over 100 years, Mitzi et al. were the first to investigate the electrical properties of tin-based perovskite in 1994, [46] which was later used in numerous devices, including field effect transistors (FETs) and LEDs. [47][48][49] The attention toward metal halide perovskites sparked yet again in 2009, [42] and they were later named one of the most promising emerging technologies in 2016. In brief, metal halide perovskites can be divided into two types based on their crystal structure motif: (i) 3D-structured perovskite (AMX 3 ) and (ii) 2D-structured perovskite (A 2 MX 4 ). The structure of the perovskite could either be 2D or 3D, while the dimensions of the perovskite probably belong to 0D-3D. The term "perovskite" implies to the general class of materials derived from an elemental composition of AMX 3 and demonstrates the crystal structure of perovskite crystal CaTiO 3 , where the divalent metal M resides at the body center and surrounded by six X-anions located at the face centers in an octahedral cluster. The MX 6 in the octahedral cluster may form an extended 3D structure by all-corner-connected type with A-cation sitting at the center. It could also form a 2D perovskite when the 3D perovskite network is cut into one-layer-thick slices along the 〈100〉 direction and separates them apart. In principle, 2D perovskite is the easiest to synthesize because of its natural layered structure, which is held together by weak van der Waals forces. Dou et al. reported the large-scale synthesis of the monolayer (C 4 H 9 NH 3 ) 2 -PbBr 4 by a chemical method. [50] Along the same lines, several groups have prepared and characterized nanomaterials composed of various forms of perovskites. [51][52][53] Also, our group has recently successfully prepared a low-dimensional mixed 2D/3D perovskite using the protonated salt of amino valeric acid iodide (AVAI) as an organic precursor mixed with PbI 2 , in which a yellowish film was containing needle-like crystallite formed. [54] In this topical review, we present the latest advances in the synthesis of low-dimensional perovskites and the growth mechanism to develop a strategy to achieve best performing devices. Later, we focus the instability and a cost-effective solution to circumvent this problem, which is vital for the eventual deployment of perovskite solar cells to consumers market. We present an analysis of the origins for instability in perovskite solar cells, and present a summary of the main achievements and possible future developments of these low-dimensional perovskite. [2,55] Perovskite solar cells have been heralded as one of the most promising emerging technologies in 2016 because of the very high power conversion efficiency of 22% and the low cost of generating electricity compared to even fossil fuels. These are formed with various dimensionalities and can be fully mani...

show abstract

Section: Moisture Complexationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Low‐Dimensional Perovskites: From Synthesis to Stability in Perovskite Solar Cells

Yusoff

Nazeeruddin

2017

Advanced Energy Materials

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…[225] If the films are exposed to warm humid air with a water vapor content above 50% at room temperature, water condensation occurs, resulting in decomposition into HI (soluble in water), solid PbI 2 , and CH 3 NH 2 , either released as gas or dissolved in water. [32,226,227] In this instance, the process is irreversible and losses to device performance are observed.…”

Section: Moisturementioning

confidence: 99%

Capturing the Sun: A Review of the Challenges and Perspectives of Perovskite Solar Cells

Petrus

Schlipf

Cheng

et al. 2017

Advanced Energy Materials

Self Cite

303

198

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

following statement: These materials can be processed from solution and yet exhibit optoelectronic materials properties described in classic solid-state physics textbooks. This unprecedented combination has led to photovoltaic devices that can be processed at room temperature and achieve performance levels similar to industry giant polycrystalline silicon, from a starting point of 3.8% in 2009. [1][2][3][4] The first light-emitting electrochemical cells [5] and diodes [6][7][8] have also been introduced recently, leading to tunable light emission spectra and internal quantum efficiencies exceeding 15%.The road towards these achievements has been marked by a constant improvement of perovskite deposition techniques fueled by our increasing understanding of the crystallization processes. The choice of deposition technique, either from solution or vapor, and the composition and order in which precursor species are applied has a great influence on the crystallization kinetics. Here, one can distinguish one-step methods where the perovskite is formed from a precursor mixture dissolved in a common solution, and two-step methods where the inorganic compound is deposited first and transformed to the perovskite phase later by addition of the organic constituents. [9][10][11] Furthermore, many parameters during processing can have an effect on the crystallization mechanism and consequently on film morphology, such as the choice of solvents, concentrations and processing additives that are often not incorporated into the final product. [11][12][13] We discuss this aspect in Section 2, where we focus our attention on the most commonly employed solution-based techniques. Additionally, as for any new technology trying to displace an incumbent technology, higher efficiencies, lower costs, reproducibility, stability, and sustainability are paramount. In particular, reproducibility has been a major challenge in perovskite solar cells from the beginning: small variations in morphology, like crystal size, film roughness, and pinholes can have detrimental effects on photovoltaic performance. [14] On the other hand, current-voltage measurements often showed a hysteresis that is rarely seen in other photovoltaic technologies. [15] These topics are highlighted in Sections 3 and 4. Finally, in Section 5 we discuss the framework for market introduction, such as cost reduction by choosing low-cost charge transport layers, or how the lifetime of perovskite absorbers can be extended by the choice of materials composition.Hybrid metal halide perovskites have become one of the hottest topics in optoelectronic materials research in recent years. Not only have they surpassed everyone's expectations and achieved similar performance as tried and true polycrystalline silicon photovoltaic devices, but they are also finding applications in a variety of different fields, including lighting. The main advantages of hybrid metal halide perovskites are simple processability, compatible with large-scale solution processing such as roll-to-roll printing, a...

show abstract

“…This color change is accelerated in the regions without the metal electrodes, as we show in Figure S12 in the Supporting Information. This is because of the known thermal-and photo-instability of MAPbI 3 , [21,[47][48][49] combined with the use of the hygroscopic lithium bis-trifluoromethanesulfonimide (Li-TFSI) dopant, which we add to Spiro-OMeTAD. [50] A fundamental issue with the MAPbI 3 based perovskite is the relative volatility of methylammonium iodide (MAI), which evolves out of the film during heating, and this process is accelerated in an atmosphere containing moisture.…”

Section: Doi: 101002/adma201604186mentioning

confidence: 99%

Efficient and Air‐Stable Mixed‐Cation Lead Mixed‐Halide Perovskite Solar Cells with n‐Doped Organic Electron Extraction Layers

et al. 2016

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Air‐stable doping of the n–type fullerene layer in an n–i–p planar heterojunction perovskite device is capable of enhancing device efficiency and improving device stability. Employing a (HC(NH2)2)0.83Cs0.17Pb(I0.6Br0.4)3 perovskite as the photoactive layer, glass–glass laminated devices are reported, which sustain 80% of their “post burn‐in” efficiency over 3400 h under full sun illumination in ambient conditions.

show abstract

Reversible Hydration of CH₃NH₃PbI₃ in Films, Single Crystals, and Solar Cells

Cited by 1,164 publications

References 37 publications

Low‐Dimensional Perovskites: From Synthesis to Stability in Perovskite Solar Cells

Low‐Dimensional Perovskites: From Synthesis to Stability in Perovskite Solar Cells

Capturing the Sun: A Review of the Challenges and Perspectives of Perovskite Solar Cells

Efficient and Air‐Stable Mixed‐Cation Lead Mixed‐Halide Perovskite Solar Cells with n‐Doped Organic Electron Extraction Layers

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About